خلاصة:
Abstract The 2017 Iraqi Kurdistan’s independence referendum and its results demonstrated that independence and secessionist Kurdish movements in the region would be a persistent political issue in the coming decades. Since their desire to become an independent country in geared in the fundamental right of Self-Determination, it is quite foreseeable that the countries which have considerable Kurdish minorities within their borders would encounter critical challenges on how to deal with their nationalist and secessionist desires. Iran is one of these countries. But the tendency among Iran’s Kurds to be an independent nation is quite lower than in other countries. The present paper seeks to answer this question: what’s the role of Paradiplomacy in dealing with the Kurds for Iran’s government. The findings of the article demonstrate that by boosting the role of sub-national identities, such as Kurds, and their participation in low-politics, Paradiplomacy can strengthen the social cohesion and social cohesion, in its turn, is one of the main impediments on the way of secessionism. At the same time, Kurds can help the Iranian government to reset its relations with the Kurdish population in the region.
ملخص الجهاز:
Paradiplomacy A New Tool for Interaction of the Iranian Government with Kurdish-populated Areas 1 Saeed Shokoohi 2 Asgar Safari Abstract The referendum held by the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq on September 25, 2017, was one of the most important political developments in the Middle East region after the formation of the Republic of Mahabad in the middle of World War II.
Given that Iran is among the countries that have a Kurdish population and has faced the issue of their secessionism internally, the question arises: what role can paradiplomacy play in the interaction of the central government with the Kurds living in Iran and the regional Kurds?
Paradiplomacy, as a new form of foreign policy tools, creates new opportunities for states so that through the employment of subnational actors and local governments such as cities and provinces, states can play a role in a wide range of regional issues.
In connection with the interaction of Iran's foreign policy with the issue of 66 Iranian Journal of International Politics, Vol. 8, No. 1, Autumn and Winter 2019 Kurdish separatism and nationalism can be complementary in several ways through the utilization of existing political and economic capacities in Kurdish-populated provinces, including Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and those parts of West Azerbaijan province that are Kurdish-populated.
Given that the issue of Kurdish separatism in Iran is not as intense compared to countries like Iraq and Turkey, increasing the participation of Kurdish-populated provinces in plans and programming related to Iran's foreign policy regarding regional developments, and especially the issue of Kurdistan's independence, leads to the strengthening of social cohesion.
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