خلاصة:
The Syrian crisis is one of the most important crises in the Middle East that has experienced the arrival of regional and non-regional actors since 2011. One of the most important non-regional powers that showed effective participation in the Syrian crisis was Russia. Russia's military intervention in the Syrian crisis since 2015 has been Russia's first post-Soviet campaign outside of its privileged interests, altering the equations of the Syrian crisis and showing that Russia is and should not be an important player in the region. Less or ignored. Therefore, paying attention to the Russian model of behavior in the face of the international crisis in Syria is one of the most important issues that has been considered. Given the importance of the issue, the present study seeks to answer the important question of what Russia's behavioral pattern is in the Syrian crisis and what factors influence this pattern. In response to this question, a hypothesis is proposed that Russia's behavior pattern in the Syrian crisis has been influenced by the four factors of the structure of the international system, strategic culture, decision-making structure and geography, as a model of cooperation and competition.
ملخص الجهاز:
The non-overthrow of Bashar al-Assad, cooperation with Turkey, Russia's close coalition with Iran, and the creation of ceasefire zones have pushed the United States' plan in Syria to the margins and have given Russia a special bargaining power and influence that has expanded not only in Syria but throughout the entire Middle East region.
The Pattern of Cooperation and Interaction 1-1- Cooperation for the Disarmament of Syria in 2013 One of the most important manifestations and instances of Russia's cooperative pattern in the Syrian crisis can be observed in the United States' decision to take military action against Syria following the chemical attack that took place in 2013.
In this year, the United States, by employing threats, political actions, and cautiously involving other allies—which shows aspects of determination and will to use hard and violent measures—voluntarily used all possibilities and capabilities to achieve its goals; however, it did not burn all the bridges behind it, and Russia, with the proposal to neutralize the chemical weapons of the Bashar al-Assad government (which was the origin of all movements, threats, and maneuvers) within a six-stage plan, attempted to prevent the threshold of war and conflict.
The massive volume of Russian military capabilities enables active intervention in the Syrian civil war at a time when Assad was losing control of his power and his potential ability to confront the United States and its other allies, who were supporters of ISIS and other extremists being dispatched from Saudi Arabia and other Persian Gulf countries.
(
, 
, 
)
