خلاصة:
The main aim of this paper is formulating a theoretical framework, by getting help from Weber’s approach, to apply it while studying the comparative historical sociology of Iranian society. In the first part of the paper, it is attempted to have a selective review of the theoretical perspective of Max Weber. In this review, in addition to concentrate on the epistemology of modernity and rationality as the main concepts of Weber’s sociology, we considered some important subjects such as the typology of social actions, the interpretative understanding of social facts and the valuable advice of Weberian ideal types. We think that the interpretative understanding of weber’s approach would help us to extend and deepen our understanding of Iranian comparative historical sociology. To obtain satisfactory methodological and theoretical achievements, we studied Weber’s works critically, examined some works on Iran’s social history, and reviewed our long experience of teaching historical sociology. Therefore this paper has attempted to concentrate on the distinguished Weber’s doctrine of ideal types. For us, this doctrine is still a suitable research guideline to prepare an interpretative analysis in historical sociology on the present Iranian society.
ملخص الجهاز:
In the present study, an attempt has been made, by focusing more on Weber's famous doctrine titled "ideal types" and his guidelines in the analysis and interpretation of historical sociological issues, to find a way suitable to the requirements of Iranian society within the context of our country's history and to conduct a systematic study in this regard.
Following the main discussion, it is noted that the basic motivation and problematic of the present writing is that some of our researchers who have become interested in historical sociological studies (and this interest has become more prominent in current conditions) have not made much effort to perform work that is methodical and systematic, to the extent that their work does not go beyond the level of collecting and recounting information recorded in existing sources and written documents and does not lead to an independent, critical, and innovative analysis.
Weber has attempted, by employing an interpretive-analytical tool2 as "ideal types," to first provide a description in the field of German historical sociology in comparison with some European countries, or sometimes in comparison with the historical conditions of the eastern and western regions of Germany, and then complete his comparative-historical approach with studies on Asian countries (the so-called East and its difference from the West).
Since the main purpose of this writing is to increase awareness of the Weberian method of constructing "ideal types" and how they might potentially be used in the interpretive study of the historical sociology of Iran, it is necessary to provide a brief summary of the points mentioned in this section, so that the way to practical use of this Weberian mechanism may be better provided.
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