خلاصة:
One of the biggest challenges facing researchers regarding defining and describing the collection of Persian national epics is the inexact information about the date of their composition and the name of most composers of epic poetry after Shahnameh remain unknown, unsolved problem in this domain. Only stylistic and linguistic references and certain intratextual inferences come to aid to make certain assumptions. Jahangir Nameh, an epic composition is one such work. Although its composer in final couplets introduces himself as Ghasem Madeh and states the place of its composition as Herat, yet the date of composition according to researches is still uncertain and vague. However the writer of this article assumes that the composer apart from Herat, had also referred to the time of composition in a form of chronogram and thus in this way announces the year 1077 Hijra in the final couplet. The study of linguistic, historical and literary data and evidences supports the assumption that this epic work belongs to the second half of the eleventh century.
ملخص الجهاز:
Regarding the date of composition of Jahan Girname, Jules Masson first expressed an opinion in the introduction to the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, considering it "belonging to that same early era of epic storytelling in Iran, namely the fifth century AH"; however, Zabihullah Safa, in the book Epic Storytelling in Iran, after rejecting Masson's view, considered it one of the works of the "late sixth or seventh century.
What helps in proposing this hypothesis is the final line of the poem, which, in the author's opinion, should be considered a historical datum for recording the date of the work's composition, which is the phrase "Jabar-e mawt va hayat" (The Tyrant of Death and Life), which refers to the year 1077 AH, coinciding with the Safavid rule in Iran and the rule of the Gurkanids in India, and what we need to solidify this hypothesis is the matching of literary and historical evidence and clues, which will follow.
At the end of the poem, the composer, using the art of chronogram and the technique of ta'miyah, which were common arts of his time, besides mentioning the date of composition of Jahan-girnameh, also refers to several other historical events, from the death of Shah Abbas II Safavid and the accession of Shah Suleiman in Iran, to the reign of Aurangzeb Alamgir in India.
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