خلاصة:
The phenomenon of code-switching, which has been one of the most dynamic research domains in sociolinguistics over the past three decades, has so far been studied generally through three approaches: (1) The structural (or grammatical) approach, which examines code-switching from a grammatical perspective and attempts to identify the universal grammatical constraints governing code-switching; (2) The sociolinguistic (or socio-pragmatic) approach, which examines the social interpretations and discursive functions of code-switching and studies the social motivations behind code-switching; (3) The psycholinguistic approach, which examines the mental processes and mechanisms of the speaker during code-switching and investigates how linguistic systems are stored and processed in the cognitive system of bilinguals. In the present article, we will introduce and examine these three approaches and the most important theories and models proposed in each. The theories introduced and examined in this article include: Poplack's structural model, Muysken's structural model, the Base Language Frame model, the Zero Code-switching theory, the Generative approach to code-switching, Layered Code-switching, the Conversational approach, the Matrix Language model, and Klein's psychological model. In addition to these theories, the most important discussions and topics that have received more attention from researchers in each of the three approaches are also reviewed, and some of the achievements and findings of each are presented. This article is part of a larger research project on code-switching and its various aspects in its study, the first part of which was previously presented under the title 'Code-switching and its connection with other phenomena resulting from language contact'.
ملخص الجهاز:
Structural, Sociolinguistic, and Psycholinguistic Approaches in the Study of Code-switching Abstract The phenomenon of code-switching, which has been one of the most dynamic research areas in sociolinguistics over the past three decades, has thus far been studied comprehensively through three approaches: (1) the structural (or grammatical) approach, which examines code-switching from a grammatical perspective and seeks to identify the universal grammatical constraints governing code-switching; (2) the sociolinguistic approach (or socio-functional approach), which examines the social interpretations and discursive functions of code-switching and studies the social motivations behind it; (3) the psycholinguistic approach, which examines the mental processes and mechanisms of the speaker during code-switching and investigates how linguistic systems are stored and processed in the cognitive systems of bilinguals.
1) The structural or grammatical approach, which examines code-switching from a grammatical perspective and seeks to identify the grammatical constraints governing code-switching and to determine in which contexts code-switching and transition from one language to another are possible; 2) The sociolinguistic approach (also called the socio-functional approach), which examines the social interpretations and discursive functions of code-switching and studies the social motivations behind code-switching; 3) The psycholinguistic approach, which examines the mental processes and mechanisms of the speaker during code-switching - investigates how linguistic systems are stored and processed in the cognitive systems of bilinguals.
Most linguists who researched code-switching before the 1980s found the answer to this question in extralinguistic factors such as context, topic of conversation, relationships between participants, norms, and social values that influence speakers' language choice.
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