خلاصة:
Bakhtin's concepts of Polyphony and heteroglossia are two of the main principles of modern criticism, especially in the analysis of literary texts such as novels and stories. Polyphony and heteroglossia as potential capacities of a text let the readers analyze novels and stories based on polyphonic and heteroglossic features. This study aims at investigating one of the leading contemporary novels, namely, Sangesaboor by Sadegh Ckubak, based on the principles of Polyphony and heteroglossia. To do so, polyphony and heteroglossia Bakhtin and its various manifestations including parody, intertextuality, literary and historical figures are explained using examples of the novel. In fact, the study aimed at finding if Chubak’s novel has cases of polyphony and heteroglossia in their different manifestations
ملخص الجهاز:
Bakhtinian polyphony and heteroglossia and its manifestations in the novel The Patient Stone * Farzad Baloo Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Maryam Khajeh Nokandeh ** Master's student in Persian Language and Literature, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran (Date received: 1395/10/26; Date accepted: 1396/02/04) Abstract One of the teachings of modern criticism in the analysis of literary texts, especially novels and short stories, is Bakhtin's concept of polyphony and heteroglossia.
In response to this question, the authors of this article intend to, by adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, critique and examine Sadegh Chubak's novel Sang-e Saboor based on Bakhtin's component of polyphony and heteroglossia and its various manifestations.
Bakhtin writes in the book "Imagination in Relation to the Other": "A novel is formed based on the objective diversity of social speech, and the overlap of different speech contexts in the text of the novel creates a multivocal work with a plurality of discourses, and its objective nature causes the encounter and dialogue between global perspectives and ideologies and the polyphony of voices at a specific time" (Moghadi, 1393: 200).
Chubak, in the novel Sang-e Sabur, in addition to using the Persian language, has also employed other languages such as English and Arabic; for example, in two parts of this story, he brings two words, "canape" and "ambsil," which, according to him, are foreign: "You were sleeping under the willow tree, on a canape (you know that I consider the use of foreign words permissible.
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