خلاصة:
The European Union has not made much progress in security and military fields due to various internal and external reasons. Although the European Union did not invest in military and security affairs, at certain periods of time, it succeeded in managing the security challenges within and between member countries through policies of expansion and inclusion. International developments, especially in Europe's neighboring regions, changes in Russia's approach, and the security requirements of the international system have made it impossible to continue the policy of security dependence on the United States, the policy of free-riding, and not investing in military and security affairs. If the European Union wants to have an effective role in the international system while maintaining its cohesion, it is forced to seriously enter the security fields. The present article analyzes the set of challenges facing the European Union in security affairs.
ملخص الجهاز:
PhD in International Relations, Associate Professor at the Faculty of International Relations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Military expenditures of twelve European countries from 2001 to 2013 (Berteau, 2015) / However, the European Union faces numerous problems in implementing a common security and defense policy, which challenges its effectiveness in confronting crises.
EU Requirements in Assuming an Effective Security Role The High Representative of the European Union in his 2013 report emphasized that with the increase in regional and global fluctuations, the emergence of security challenges, America's shift in focus toward Asia-Pacific, and the impact of the financial crisis, Europe's strategic environment has faced extensive changes.
The Union played a very important role through economic and cultural methods, especially the policy of eastward expansion and creating incentives for changing the policies of Eastern European countries, which had extensive security dimensions and was able to, while limiting potential security threats and dangers, bring the capabilities of a large number of countries, especially in Eastern Europe, to its service.
In the post-Cold War era, NATO and its affiliated institutions, such as the Partnership for Peace 1, alongside the institutions of the European Union, played a successful role in managing the transformations of Eastern Europe, attracting countries of this region during the transition period, and also guiding the security affairs of this continent.
The weakness of the European Union in confronting security threats and challenges forces European countries to invest more at the national level, join international alliances, and rely more on the United States and an institution like NATO.
(
, 
, 
)
