خلاصة:
The political psychology of Shah Sultan Hossein, the last king of the Safavid dynasty, is the objective of this writing, in which an attempt is made to depict the dimensions of his personality as much as possible through the preparation of a combined theoretical system and to specifically examine the connection between the king's temperament and personality with the collapse of the Safavids. The hypothesis is that the collapse of the Safavids had both remote and proximate causes and was influenced by various structural, generational, and international factors; however, the psychological personality of Shah Sultan Hossein was the sufficient condition and the completing link for the convergence of the collapse factors. Childhood upbringing, the anxiety of infanticide among Safavid kings, the weakness of the political education of successors and crown princes, excessive avoidance of violence, political escapism, benevolence, and generational transformation are among the points for an initial understanding of the political psychology of Shah Sultan Hossein Safavi.
ملخص الجهاز:
The character of leaders and the threat to national security A personality like Shah Sultan Husayn, according to Lockhart, is incompetent to govern the country even in times of peace, let alone during a crisis and the attack of Mahmud Afghan (Lockhart, 1380: 35).
The loss of morale of the Shah and the courtiers during the siege of Isfahan and the dominance of fear over them was such that they thought of nothing else except surrendering to fate and destiny and expressing the belief that the star of Mahmud Afghan's fortune was rising, and the decline of the Safavid dynasty and Shah Sultan Husayn was inevitable (Eqbal Ashtiani and Aqeli, 1380: 606).
The royal children who later ascended to the throne, because they themselves were constantly exposed to imprisonment, blindness, or death during their period of being crown princes, would vent their hatreds and psychological complexes upon reaching the throne (compare: Hosseinizadeh, 1379: 123); however, apparently this matter worked in reverse for Shah Sultan Husayn, and this "constant terror and anxiety" of murder, blindness, or imprisonment made him a "cowardly" individual; meaning that fear and timidity became his spiritual trait and personality characteristic.
Keywords Political psychology, Shah Sultan Husayn, Safavid, history of Iran, national security 1.
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