خلاصة:
The Mu'tazila sect was one of the most important theological schools of Islam. This sect emerged and grew in Basra during the tumultuous transformations of the second half of the first Hijri century, founded by Wasil ibn Ata. This sect played an important role in scientific, jurisprudential, political, theological, and other transformations. Given that it emerged in the late Umayyad period, since the Banu Umayya were preoccupied with the caliphate at that time, they did not prevent their propaganda; however, as soon as the Abbasids came to power, a flood of foreign views and opinions poured into the Islamic world, and polytheism, atheism, infidelity, and heresy became widespread, a group had to confront them by considering reason as a proof and being aware of the method of rational reasoning. Therefore, the Abbasid caliphate apparatus, to preserve its political position, saw the solution in supporting the Mu'tazila because they possessed very strong dialectical power and were a powerful weapon against the opponents of the religion of Islam. They also took this mission upon themselves, defended Islamic beliefs well, responded to the doubts of opponents, and guided many groups to the religion of Islam. This writing attempts to examine the Mu'tazila sect and its relations with the Abbasid Caliphate during the first era (132 - 232 AH).
ملخص الجهاز:
Mu'tazila and its relations with the Abbasid Caliphate during the first period (132-232 AH) Batool Yousefvand MA in Islamic History, Baqir al-Olum University (AS) Abstract Keywords: Introduction The late first century AH witnessed the emergence and growth of one of the most important theological schools of Islam, which has played a major role in scientific, jurisprudential, political, theological, and ...
It is mentioned in al-Milal wa al-Nihal by al-Shahrastani that the reason for the emergence of this school is that someone came to Hasan al-Basri and said: "O Imam of religion, at this time there is a sect that calls the perpetrators of major sins disbelievers and considers major sin to be disbelief, and a person leaves the community due to a major sin; they are the Wa'idiyya of the Kharijites, known as 'Azariqa'.
Simultaneously with the anti-Umayyad uprisings and the beginning of the Abbasid movement, he sent people to the outskirts and corners of the Islamic lands to propagate his doctrinal foundations, engage in debate with the enemies of religion, and expand the principles of Mu'tazila; these individuals called themselves 'Awtad Allah' (Pillars of God).
It is true that the Mu'tazila emerged in Iraq and Basra, but their sphere of action was not limited to these two cities; as we mentioned before, both through trade and after approaching centers of power, they expanded their influence in the major centers of the Islamic world of that era by applying their policies and intellectual trajectories.
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