The Program of Renewal and Modernization of Iran in the Era of Reza Shah Pahlavi مقالة

خلاصة:

Modernization in the European experience, based on modernity and with the help and assistance of the bourgeoisie and the absolute, national, and modern state, and through extensive and comprehensive social changes, led to the emergence of modern and developed societies. However, in the country of Iran, despite the efforts made during the era of Reza Shah, modernization did not lead to the creation of a modern and developed society. Modernization in the first Pahlavi period took place rapidly, and due to the state's dominance over power resources and the incapacity and fragmentation of civil society, modernization was implemented in areas that were compatible with the structure and nature of the absolute state. Therefore, the absolute state's prevention of expanding participation and the formation of competition turned Iran's political sphere into an underdeveloped arena in the economic and social structure. In other words, the absolute state was an obstacle to development in the sphere of politics and the political system and led to the reproduction of tyranny and autocracy; due to fundamental positional and structural inadequacies, it failed to resolve major crises of identity, legitimacy, and distribution, and failed to address major internal and external conflicts and to establish institutionalized, rule-based, and stable stability toward capitalism and a modern society accompanied by the strengthening of civil, democratic, and independent national bourgeois institutions. In this research, we seek to answer the question of why Iran, despite the experience of modernization during the first Pahlavi era, has not been able to transform into a modern and developed society. Therefore, an attempt is made to provide a new approach for understanding the dilemma and deadlock of underdevelopment in the period under discussion through the analysis and explanation of the relevant causes and factors. The research method is based on library work and is primarily based on a historical-analytical study.