خلاصة:
Development complication has been changed to one of vitally problem for Russian intellectual society form 18th century which caused to make some believing that has been roots of lot great changes up to know and have still made to involve the country's political executive climate. That’s in which model can help Russia to goal as one of developed country? Which linage can be finding with traditions, validity and Russia conditions? And which output has along for government, people and society. Those questions are most important questions be asked from first efforts of believing to achieve developing method in Russia. Main idea of this article says that developing methods has almost been from Europeans country during three decade but they have changed to the Russians method normally in practical attitude. The development method as Local form has not been applicable to do in political level based on the Russian intellectuals. In direction of achieving intellect issue in this article, it have been strong studies in great changing of development method in Russia, political &philosophy thinking and practical operations.
ملخص الجهاز:
Conflicting Models of Development in Russia: Three Centuries of Search and its Achievements ∗ Dr. Jahangir Karami Associate Professor of International Relations, University of Tehran Abstract The issue of development, since the eighteenth century, has turned into a vital issue for the Russian state and the intellectual community of this country, giving rise to ideas that have become the root of many transformations from that time until today and still keep the executive and intellectual space of society engaged.
Development; Progress; Russia; Indigenism; Orthodox Church; Westernization; Peter ∗ Corresponding author Introduction From the era of the European Renaissance until now, the subject of development, transformation, and progress has seriously turned into an important concern for societies and governments so that they may avoid the risks arising from lagging behind the great European powers.
However, the issue of progress, especially after the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe, turned into a vital issue for the Russian state, philosophers, and even the writers of this country, giving rise to ideas that have become the root of many transformations from the eighteenth century to the present and still keep the executive and intellectual space of society active.
3. The Soviet Union and the Constitutional and Centralized State Model World War I, internal economic problems, and rebellion caused Russia's model of progress from the year 1917 to be completely transformed, and with the victory of Bolshevism and the leadership of Lenin, Russia effectively fell under the dominance of communist thought and its Russian interpretations during the eras of Lenin, Stalin, and their subsequent revisions for seven and a half decades.
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