خلاصة:
The interaction between the internal and external factors of Iran’s Foreign Policy in the 16th century which coincided with the country’s rise to power promoted the foreign policy. It wasn’t until the 19th century when Iran encountered the European political power. The interventions in this era were mainly related to Iran-Turkey conflicts and a short period of engagement with Russia. Iranian Foreign Policy in this era was mostly aimed at reinvigorating the country’s past glory and magnificence of the 16th century. Especially in the 18th century when the country faced its sorrowful collapse and were defeated in many battles. Dr. Ramezani has employed the dynamic trilateral model theory for analyzing the Safavid foreign relations from the rise to its final decline and the rule of Nadir Shah. He has a realistic approach and concentrates on the centrality of Iran-Ottoman relations in order to assess the decline of the Safavid dynasty. The text is from the first chapter of the ‘Iran’s Foreign Policy، from 1500 to 1941 written by Dr. Rouhollah Ramezani.
ملخص الجهاز:
(Ibid, 140-72) When Shah Abbas restarted the war with the Ottoman Empire in 1601 AD, what happened was that the face of the Iranian state changed and was able to achieve a kind of unity throughout Iran through the influence of the Shia religion, an action that had been pursued fanatically and without interruption by Shah Ismail and his successors.
(Krusinski, 26-27; Browne, 106) The desire to reclaim lost territories became one of the principles of Iran's foreign policy, which took shape during the era of Shah Abbas.
Nader used these circumstances with great mastery and four years later was able to depose the Shah from the throne, and in order to separate himself from Shah Tahmasp, he started a war with the Ottomans and compensated for the mistakes of the Safavid Shah with his powerful attacks.
Nader Shah's attack on Shirvan caused him to reclaim it from the Ottomans and at the same time he was able to force Russia to withdraw from Derbent and Baku.
In 1736 AD, the Ottomans did not agree to sign a treaty, and Nader Shah, through force and military victory, was able to expel the occupying forces from Iranian soil and achieve a great victory (lockhart, 1983).
From the time he came to power in 1726 AD until his accession to the throne in 1736 AD, Nader carried out a very ruthless military effort, and his goal, based on what we previously analyzed, was fundamentally the restoration of Iranian rule to lost territories and the recovery of Iran's political independence.
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