خلاصة:
Jalal Al Ahmad is an influential writer in Iran’s contemporary literature. There has always been a big controversy over him because of the social conditions of his time، and his own specific character. Most of his literary works are rich in references to social and historical events، so that they mirror the social and cultural context of his time. Jalal was frank in both personality and his political stance. He was not a man of hypocrisy; so was in his writings، where he appears as a careful observer of the facts. The present research is an attempt to give a picture of the social and cultural context of his time، studying Jalal’s works (with focus on his three stories: Modir-e Madrese، Noon va-l-Qalam and Nefrin-e Zamin)، as well as the books and writings about him. The finding of the study has provided good evidences on how concerned Jalal was about the society and the events around him، and how well he has portrayed his personal and social life in his works.
ملخص الجهاز:
In this article, an attempt has been made to provide a picture of the social, cultural, and political situation of this renowned contemporary literature writer by carefully studying Jalal's literary works (with emphasis on three works: Modir-e Madreseh, Nun wal Qalam, and نفرين زمين), referring to published critiques of his works, and studying and indexing historical books and biographies of Jalal Al-Ahmad.
Since literature originates from the conscience of the writer, it is usually not subject to the interference of powers, and for this reason, it is one of the sources that helps in a better understanding of the real history of nations; in this article, attempts have been made to extract aspects of the political and social life of the people of Jalal's era from his works and present them to the readers.
In the present article, three long fictional works of Jalal Al- Ahmad: 1- Modir-e Madreseh (The School Principal) (1337) 2- Nun wal-Qalam (1340) 3- Nafrin-e Zamin (Curse of the Earth) (1346) are examined in terms of the influences they have received from political and social realities.
Jalal Al-Ahmad was always angry about the lordly attitude of the Americans and any other foreigner in Iran, and he criticized it in all his works; despite the fact that the book Modir-e Madreseh was written in one of the most intense atmospheres of terror and dread after the coup, this approach continues in it: "Others were building houses so they could collect their rent in dollars, while my school's fourth-grade teacher went under the car of his tenants...
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