خلاصة:
In Persian literature, the cup has acquired specific concepts through various expressions such as Jam-e Jam, the cup that sees the world, the cup that represents the universe, the cup that represents the cosmos, and the like, which are intertwined with Iranian mythology on one hand and Iranian-Islamic mysticism and Mazdean literature on the other. In this blending, 'Farr' and the 'cup' in Iranian mythology take on manifestations such as the Simurgh (Varagna bird), water, stone, beads, a small bowl, and so on, and finally, through their semantic evolution and transformation, they become symbolic words with profound instances, such as the heart of the mystic, the perfect human, and the wise soul; a precise understanding of these mystical instances is contingent upon a deep knowledge of the mythological and ritualistic foundations of the cup.
ملخص الجهاز:
"Jam" in mythology, like Farr, on one hand possessed a celestial quality and bestowed upon its possessor attributes such as wisdom, awareness, power, and victory, and on the other hand, it took different forms and manifestations; sometimes like a cup, sometimes like a spear, and sometimes it appeared in the form of a bead or a stone piece.
Khagani also explicitly states the following regarding the Cup of Kay Khosrow in the verse below: The Cup of Kay Khosrow is my heart's desire Which makes the secrets of the universe manifest (Khagani, 2003: 198) And Fakhr al-Din Iraqi also considers the aforementioned cup to belong to Kay Khosrow: The sign of the Cup of Kay Khosrow, as they say, shows His pure conscience at that moment when it moves with dhikr (Iraqi, 250) In the treatise of "Suhrawardi" as well, the world-viewing cup belongs to Kay Khosrow, through which one becomes aware of "the unseen": "The world-viewing cup = [the Cup of Jam] belonged to Kay Khosrow.
, 113) Conclusion The Cup in Iranian mythology possesses an extensive and ritualistic concept; it is intertwined with its ancient precursors and has been linked with manifestations such as stone, bead, spear, and goblet, as well as concepts like blessing, empowerment, revealing secrets, uncovering mysteries, increasing awareness, and wisdom.
In this intermingling, "Khvarenah" (Farr) and "Jam" in Iranian myths take on manifestations such as the Varghan bird, water, stone, bead, goblet, and the like, and finally, through their semantic evolution and transformation, they turn into a symbolic word with profound instances, such as the heart of the mystic, the Perfect Man, and the wise soul.
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