خلاصة:
The Constitutional Revolution is considered an important, influential, and decisive event in Iranian history. It is often referred to as the transition from autocracy to rule of law in Iran, and historians and researchers of Iranian history expected that after its occurrence, Iran would enter the group of countries that open their way toward creating a civil society through the establishment of the necessary institutions of a constitutional system. However, this did not happen, and the Constitutional Revolution in Iran suffered many conflicts. This matter has multiple reasons, but in this article, an attempt is made to examine, based on the historical research method through re-reading press reports of that time, the confrontations between supporters and opponents of the Constitutional Revolution and the impact of these challenges on the failure to form a government of law and especially the continuation of despotism.
ملخص الجهاز:
This matter has multiple reasons, but in this article, an attempt is made to investigate, based on the historical research method through re-reading press reports of that time, the confrontations between the supporters and opponents of the Constitutional Revolution, and the impact of these challenges on the failure to form a government of law and especially the continuation of despotism.
Although Mohammad Ali Shah and generally the absolutist front eventually retreated in all these instances, the negative impact of these confrontations in other political dimensions and even in the provinces and cities of the country should not be overlooked; such that at least regarding the public demand for the study of the Constitution in Tabriz, this trend led to the emergence of a crisis and public excitement, and the Tabriz Association was forced to send the following telegram to Tehran: "To the honorable lawyers of Azerbaijan, may their support endure: You are holding a hand from afar over the fire.
After the suppression of the Majlis and the creation of terror, panic, and the massacre of constitutionalists, the Qajar government became subject to criticism from foreign countries on one hand and hatred from the Iranian nation on the other; for this reason, to escape this situation, it attempted to find a way out of the arisen crisis and resorted to religion so that it could, through this method, control and utilize the religious sentiments of the people in the direction of its own desires and the court; for this reason, via a telegram addressed to the provincial governors, it was reminded that: Our goal since the beginning of the reign has been the promotion of the glorious Sharia of Ahmad [Shah] and we consider its completion to be in the establishment of judicial departments and branches and the implementation of the provisions subject to the Holy Sharia...
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