Zarrin Koob and a Comparative-Historical Analysis مقالة

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Zarrinkoub believes: "Literature is a collection of written works that express the highest and best thoughts and imaginations in the most sublime and best forms1" and in his definition of literature, he has also said: "Literature consists of those kinds of speech that are superior and loftier than ordinary speech, which people have deemed worthy of recording and transmitting, and through reading and hearing them, they have become transformed and moved by feelings of sorrow, joy, or pleasure; these words inevitably differ from repetitive and ordinary speech and are superior to them. 2" In his book "Truthful Poetry, Unmasked Poetry," he also pays attention to the word "adab" (literature/etiquette): "The root of adab may not be free from an aristocratic conception; in fact, its root is taken from adab, from which ma'dabah is derived, meaning a banquet and feast, and this point indicates the existence of the concept of luxury in its root. "81 Zarrinkoub considers "Hippolyte Taine" to be a representative of this type of criticism, who in his works has paid attention to three elements: race, time, and environment. "82 In the West, developmental criticism is also prevalent; in this method of criticism, "the critic strives to— assist with external criticism and internal criticism to study the quality of the emergence of a literary work; for this purpose, the manner in which the thought, inclinations, and feelings of the poet appear in the creation of the work is investigated through documents and evidence obtained from within or outside the text. "27 Endnotes: (1)-Literary Criticism, Abd al-Husayn Zarrinkoub, Amirkabir Publications, 3rd edition, 1631, Vol. 1, p.