Visual Arts: Tools and Materials of the Iranian Illuminator مقالة

ملخص الجهاز:

Canby, Translated by Mehdi Hosseini To begin painting, the illuminator needs basic tools - paper, color, brush. Whether working independently or within a royal library, the illuminator needed to provide their own tools or at least prepare their pens and colors. Fortunately, Persian and Arabic texts, as well as modern scientific experiments, have provided the possibility for us to know how paper was made, how the foundation of its brilliant colors was established, or preferably, what type of hair was used to make brushes. Approximate size: 60*80cm (Refer to the image on the page) Before transferring color to the paper, the illuminator would prepare their design with a fine brush. By combining and heating mercury and sulfur, a bright red was obtained, and the brilliant orange color seen in many Iranian miniatures is derived from safflower. * Existing texts from the 10th century AH indicate that until the year 899 AH (0951 AD), egg white and after that, gum was used as a "binder" for making color. After the paper and color were prepared, it was time to provide the brushes. When Iranian kings and princes set their hearts on supporting the visual arts, they employed the most worthy artists and craftsmen, and they, in turn, utilized the finest paper, the brightest colors, and the most delicate brushes possible for the production of their works. London, British Museum Library, 1993 (Refer to the page image) Lacquer binding, Qajar period, 13th century AH.