An examination of the concept of tragedy from the perspective of Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche مقالة

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In criticizing Aristotle's views, Nietzsche believes that tragedy is born from the blending and combination of two driving forces: the Apollonian and the Dionysian. Following and under the influence of Schopenhauer, Nietzsche presents his ideas in the book The Birth of Tragedy and distinguishes between non-representational and representational arts; however, he believes that Schopenhauer's interpretation of tragedy is inconsistent with the views of the Greeks. Keywords: Nietzsche, tragedy, catharsis, Apollonian force, Dionysian force Introduction: Tragedy, as one of the dramatic forms, emerged for the first time in Greece and has undergone various changes and transformations over many years, to the extent that the concept of dramatic genre in the modern era differs from its classical meaning. In this article, first, a description of the history and origin of the emergence of tragedy is provided, and subsequently, before entering the main axis of the article and presenting Nietzsche's approaches, we will briefly discuss the problem of Aristotelian catharsis, and then we will address Nietzsche's views on Aristotle's beliefs and his theoretical foundations. In Nietzsche's view, tragedy is the combination of two important forces, Apollo and Dionysus, in ancient Greek culture. In general, Nietzsche's critique of the Aristotelian perspective regarding tragedy should be understood in the nature of the tragic effect from Aristotle's viewpoint, namely the arousal of the feelings of fear and pity and the catharsis of these emotions.