خلاصة:
Since the time of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), religious thinkers have made many efforts to prove the existence of God through morality, because in their view, Kant and David Hume have introduced shattering and effective criticisms to theoretical proofs of God's existence. Hume only raised criticisms and did not provide an alternative proof, but Kant, although he considered theoretical reason incapable of proving the existence of God and deemed all theoretical proofs inadequate, believed that we can prove the existence of God through morality. We briefly refer to various formulations of the moral argument and then present Kant's formulation, which is the most robust among them. In this article, we raise three objections to Kant's moral argument: 1. This argument creates problems for human freedom. 2. This argument is based on the entire moral system, so any flaw in it jeopardizes the argument. 3. Moral perfection or the attainment of the highest good is not compatible with being mental.
ملخص الجهاز:
5. The fifth formulation: Kant's moral argument for the existence of God: In Kant's view, man is a moral being and is morally obligated and commissioned to perfect himself and reach the highest good1, meaning to attain the highest good.
W. Beck1 expresses Kant's moral argument for the existence of God as follows: 1.
To clarify Kant's argument, we further explain its pillars: A) Every human being feels an internal sense of obligation toward the realization of the highest good; that is, practical reason constantly commands us to pursue the highest good.
For this reason, according to Kant, this command, namely "pursue the highest good," is a moral imperative whose goodness lies in the action itself and not in its consequence.
Therefore, to create happiness, a creator must be assumed for nature, who can establish this harmony; consequently, Kant thus derives the existence of God from the moral realm.
However, in form, Kant's moral argument for the existence of God has been exposed to many objections, of which we mention a few examples: 1.
To ensure this happiness, God must harmonize the behavior and actions of other humans toward this person with his virtue, meaning compelling them to perform moral acts so that they behave properly toward this person.
Therefore, if God is to play a role in the harmony of happiness with virtue, He must compel humans to cooperate properly, in which case their autonomy is destroyed and their actions also lose their moral value.
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