خلاصة:
The phenomenon of exile and estrangement, which is one of the contingencies of life, may occur in any era and place. Therefore, it is natural that the Arab society before Islam also experienced it; so that groups were forced to leave their homeland, submit to wandering, seek refuge in mountains and deserts, and turn to wild animals for companionship and fellowship. Then, strangers in an exiled land, in order to provide bread and life, to attain their human values, and to reclaim their trampled rights, would prepare and execute raids. When opportunities arose, they would also whisper bitter and sweet stories, according to their circumstances, in the form of songs to soothe their pains—songs that are considered in the contemplation of the dawns of Arabic poetry in exile. This article examines these songs from various aspects.
ملخص الجهاز:
Aghani 781/12) And another, such as 'Ta'abbata Sharran,' remembers his wandering and loneliness of day and night in the vast plains and other places where he faces dangers and destruction, like this: یظلّ بموماة و یمسی بغیرها جحیشا و یعر وری ظهور المهالک (Lisan: 'Ari' al-Majani al-Hadithah 71/1) The wanderers and strangers of the Pre-Islamic Arab people—as we mentioned in the previous issue of the 'Quarterly' under the title 'Sa'alik or Outcast Freemen'—were gathered from various classes such as: 'Hajina wa Aghriba' (outcasts and strangers), 'Fuqara Mutamarrid' (rebellious poor), and 'Khula'a' (the disowned); however, they shared commonalities in severing ties with their society, taking refuge in the deserts, finding companionship and empathy with wild beasts, poverty and hunger, struggling against the imposed factors of an undesirable fate, and choosing a form of chivalry.
Urwa ibn al-Ward, known as 'Abu al-Sa'alik,' says in one of his mirror-like images: بینت علی خلق الرّجال بأعظم خفاف تثنیّ تحتهنّ المفاصل و قلب جلا عنها الشّکوک،فإن تشأ یخبّرک ظهر الغیب ما أنت فاعل (Diwan 231/) -I have been created with the form and character of men, with hardworking and highly mobile bones, and rotating and turning joints,- -And with a pure heart cleared of doubts, if you wish, the unseen back will inform you of what you are doing.
(Al-Majani al-Haditha 1/61) Urwa ibn al-Ward mentions death many times; sometimes he considers it a normal and natural matter and does not fear its arrival (Diwan: p.
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