خلاصة:
Image is one of the most fundamental and widely used terms in literary criticism. This article addresses the nature of imagery in literature. It states its literal meaning in the English language and its Persian equivalent, then examines several famous definitions of 'image'. Subsequently, it divides imagery into lexical imagery and imagery of imagination; after defining and explaining each, it distinguishes between surface imagery and depth imagery, addresses the issue of the evolution of imagery in literary history, and demonstrates that along with changes in aesthetic horizons and socio-intellectual attitudes in each period, imagery has also undergone transformation, and traditional rhetoric has been unable to keep pace with the evolution of imagery or provide the tools for experiencing and analyzing symbolic and modern images.
ملخص الجهاز:
Prior to that, this expression had not received much attention in Persian and Arabic literary criticism and rhetoric; although the science of eloquence (Ilm al-Bayan) has from its inception been dedicated to analyzing the images of the imagination in poetry and has examined the four main elements of poetry from the perspective of the ancients, namely simile, metaphor, metonymy, and allusion.
In literary terminology, image often refers to descriptive forms or figurative language used to create imagination and influence the reader's mind" (Murfin,166) "Image: the linking of two things from two different worlds by means of words at a specific point.
D. Lewis calls the picture that comes to mind after hearing a word like "pomegranate" an image, and on the other hand, they call any complex, multi-dimensional imaginary "affair" resulting from the combination of multiple matters, or even the combination of states and sounds, an image.
In all discussions related to poetic imagery, what everyone agrees upon is that language is the vehicle for the image; the image, whatever type it may be, simple or compound, verbal or figurative, and imaginary is created with the help of linguistic elements, and language is the carrier of the image and contains its meaning and concept.
Unlike verbal imagery, an imaginary image is not simple and one-dimensional; rather, it is composed of two or more components that are linked together through imagination and poetic emotion, creating a new reality that has no precedent and is full of freshness, strangeness, and wonder; such as images like "a sea of fire, a flower dress, cracked memories, the green silence of the meadow, flaming springs.
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