Dialectology of the Persian language based on texts from the tenth and eleventh centuries AD مقالة

ملخص الجهاز:

Dialectology of the Persian Language based on Tenth and Eleventh Century AD Texts * When speaking about the dialects (1) of Iranian lands in general (*)-the footnotes numbered with Persian numerals are by Mr. Gilbert Lazard, the author of the article, and the footnotes numbered with Latin numerals have been added by the translator for explanation (at the bottom of the pages). Undoubtedly, these dialects were common a thousand years ago and should have had more widespread distribution at that time than today; however, in this speech, we do not mean these dialects, but rather our discussion will be about the local forms of the common language (2), namely Persian, which existed around the tenth and eleventh centuries AD. When a verbal suffix (2) such as "-yadh" (3), which is used in the past to denote "continuity" (4) and "non-real" (5) (types like "gaftiyadh" (6) and "bedanastandiyadh" (7), instead of the normal and common forms "gafti" (8) and "bedanastandi" (9)) (7) is encountered at one point in two manuscripts of this book, which date to 523/1129 and 535/1151 respectively, and also in a correction (10) made to this work at the end of the twelfth century for a Ghurid sultan (8), it can be concluded that this characteristic (dialectal) apparently belongs to the language of the author himself. Certain points and signs that today distinguish the Tajik language from Iranian Persian are encountered in texts written during the early period of literature in Transoxiana, especially in the book Hidayat al-Muta'allimin, of which a very good old manuscript has reached us (is preserved) and is considered an excellent source for dialectology.