خلاصة:
The study analyzed inequality in Iran's provinces using the Atkinson index, Zanga index, and Gini coefficient based on occupational groups. Reducing inequality is an essential economic and social issue, and regional disparities impede growth and development of any region. Focusing on each province's regional economy can lead to better development planning. Therefore, the calculation of inequality is required. Considering that the Gini coefficient and the Zanga index are statistical tools for measuring inequality and the Atkinson index is derived from the social welfare of individuals; therefore, the effects of income distribution in society in two dimensions have been measured. For this purpose, the study used cost and income data of urban households in Iran from 2013-2019. The Location Quotient approach is used to determine each province's target occupational group to understand regional inequality better and improve it as much as possible. Accordingly, the "managers" and "employees" have a better income distribution than other occupational groups in most provinces. On the other hand, compared to other occupational groups, in most provinces, the "operators and assemblers of machinery, and drivers" and "simple workers" have a more challenging situation. Thus, they should prioritize the target occupational groups to improve income distribution.JEL Classification: D33, D31, D63, D30
ملخص الجهاز:
ir Article Type: Scientific-Research, Date Received: 2022/09/21, Date Accepted: 2023/02/20 Abstract In the present study, the Atkinson index, Theil index, and Gini coefficient for the provinces of Iran have been examined by occupational groups; since reducing inequality is one of the important economic-social issues and regional inequality is one of the significant and effective obstacles in the path of growth and development of each region; therefore, paying attention to regional economics and identifying the specific characteristics of each province provides the possibility for better planning to achieve development goals.
Since it is expected that inequality levels in each of the occupational groups of each province will be very different; therefore, determining them can be of special importance in line with achieving a fairer distribution, and thereafter, with the help of regional economic models, policymaking focal points will be determined as target occupational groups, meaning groups that have worse conditions compared to the situation of similar occupational groups at the national level; because the target occupational group in each province, given their various characteristics, is different from the perspective of the researchers of the present study.
Furthermore, considering the results of the inequality situation in the country's provinces and their respective occupational groups based on the Atkinson index, it can be observed that in terms of changes in income distribution status, the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson index show a similar situation in most cases, such that based on both criteria, the provinces of Markazi, Qazvin, Isfahan, Gilan, and Semnan have experienced the greatest decrease in inequality, while the provinces of South Khorasan, Hamadan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Sistan and Baluchestan, and Zanjan have had the greatest increase in inequality.
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