خلاصة:
The September 11, 2001 incident led to revisions in US foreign policy regarding certain issues, values, and regions. The issue of democracy promotion in the Middle East region has been among these cases. The September 11 incident, during the presidency of Bush Jr., the developments in North Africa and the Arab Middle East in 2011, up to the Trump presidency, confronted US foreign policy toward this part of the world with new opportunities and challenges. Identity as a central component of US foreign policy during this period collided with the complex and multifaceted structure of the Middle East region and confronted the country's foreign policy with challenges. Accordingly, this research aims to examine this issue by collecting information through library methods and relying on the theoretical framework of constructivism, specifically the systemic type of Alexander Wendt. The results of the research indicate that despite America's rhetoric regarding democracy, the type and manner of this country's interaction with the complex and contradictory structure of the Middle East region has caused disruptions in democracy promotion and, in some cases, the spread of controlled democracy in the Middle East at the beginning of the new century.
ملخص الجهاز:
America's aggressive and preemptive foreign policy in Afghanistan and Iraq tells of the emergence of change and transformation in this country's foreign policy in the early twenty-first century, which in turn led to the proposal of identity centrality and emphasis on normative value elements, especially democracy, and its promotion and expansion in the Middle East region.
Nevertheless, due to its geoeconomic and geostrategic position, the Arab-Israeli conflict, and phenomena such as the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1357 (1979), the importance of the Middle East region in America's foreign policy gradually increased, and by the beginning of the new century, this region was transformed into the most strategic region in the world within the framework of global competitions, including from the perspective of American policymakers and decision-makers.
2- The end of the Cold War changed approaches, such that the United States gave special attention to important Arab governments like Egypt and Morocco so that they would act as shields against the expansion of former Soviet influence in the Middle East; 3- Another essential element in Clinton's foreign policy behavior was the political situation prevailing over Arab nations since the early 1990s, as Arab regimes were facing many social and economic problems, public demands for human rights were increasing, and opposing Islamic movements were expanding day by day.
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