خلاصة:
In the nineteenth century, certain works had a decisive impact on the political and social life of various societies. Different political ideologies spread as progressive forces in the nineteenth century and, while playing a role in the transformations of the West, also influenced other societies. In this regard, the role of pro-Westernization elites in non-Western societies and how they confronted these ideologies and Western transformations played an important role in the nature of the political and social transformations of these societies. Following familiarity with these ideologies, a part of the intellectual elites formed around the school of archaic nationalism, which considered the religion of Islam and ethnic diversity to be the causes of Iran's backwardness. Archaic nationalism remembered the Achaemenid and Sassanid empires and the Zoroastrian faith as the golden age of Iran, which had declined with the Arab invasion and the expansion of Islam. Furthermore, this ideological current pursued national convergence by denying the identity of ethnic groups and attempting identity unification. During the first and second Pahlavi periods, a coalition was created between the government and pro-Westernization elites and nation-building around the irrational ideology of archaic nationalism, which ultimately led to the ideologization of the Iranian lifeworld and the absence of conceptual interconnectedness as the foundations for forming a civil society. This nationalism 'othered' Islamic Sharia and ethnic and cultural diversity, and by adopting a confrontational approach toward them, transformed the lifeworld into a sphere of violence. This is despite the fact that for the realization of a civil society, the lifeworld must be free from violence and irrationality. The irrational ideology of archaic nationalism ultimately failed due to the reaction of Islamic Sharia and the victory of the Islamic Revolution.
ملخص الجهاز:
Following the acquaintance with these ideologies, a part of the intellectual elites formed around the school of archaic nationalism, which considered the causes of Iran's backwardness to be the religion of Islam and ethnic diversity.
During the first and second Pahlavi periods, a coalition was created between the government and the elites defending Westernization and nation-building around the anti-rationalist ideology of archaic nationalism, which ultimately led to the ideologization of the Iranian lifeworld and the absence of communicative connectivity as the foundations for the formation of civil society.
ir Introduction The five-decade dominance of the archaic nationalism ideology, which was based on social and national othering through the negation of Islam and ethnic identity, led to the birth of an ideological lifeworld in Iran where violence and anti-rationalism were paramount.
Briefly, what we are seeking in the current research is the explanation of the relationship between the ideology of archaic nationalism and internal othering based on the negation of Islam and ethnic groups, which was the governing policy in the Iranian lifeworld throughout the era of the first and second Pahlavi governments.
Generally, the archaizing worldview and the desired society could be enumerated as follows: 1) the necessity of cleansing the Iranian identity from the rust that has covered it throughout history; 2) emphasis on the Persian language and the "Aryan" race and, in radical cases, the Zoroastrian religion; 3) creating a sense of national identity solidarity among the people of Iran through homogenization and discarding ethnic identities; 4) achieving these through a strong central government with a dictatorial leader.
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