خلاصة:
The subject of this article is the identification of Sheikh Ahmad Arif al-Zayn (1883-1960 AD), a prominent Shiite figure in Jabal Amel (modern-day southern Lebanon). He played an important role in the history of this country, especially Jabal Amel, and the movement in this region during the harsh conditions of Lebanon under Ottoman rule (and later French rule). The article begins by addressing al-Zayn's youth and his social activities (such as opening schools, establishing associations and organizations, which played an active role in social and cultural spheres). It continues by addressing his journalistic activities, from writing in Arabic newspapers and magazines to the publication of the Jabal Amel newspaper and Majallat al-Irfan, as well as his historical activities, including the authorship of the History of Sidon and writing dozens of historical articles—in which he calls for nationalism. It concludes by examining al-Zayn's political activities and his role in the struggle against corruption, his cooperation in numerous conferences on the subject of Syrian unity, and the adoption of values that led to his arrest. The article specifically addresses al-Zayn's thoughts regarding the Arabic language and his emphasis on the importance and utility of language in preserving the Arab nation and its identity; it also clarifies his theories on education and upbringing, because in his view, education and upbringing are the only correct way for the progress, superiority, and freedom of every nation. Al-Zayn considered the education of women to be prior to that of men. This article also explains his religious views. He considered religion necessary for maintaining structure and preventing corruption, but believed that humans, regardless of religion, race, and land, are brothers. In this article, al-Zayn's writings are also addressed. He wrote two history books and a short romantic novel; he also collaborated in the publication of several books and corrected two important and old cultural books; however, his most important work was the publication of Majallat al-Irfan. Through this magazine, he is considered one of the pioneers of the movement in Jabal Amel in many fields.
ملخص الجهاز:
By addressing his journalistic activities, from writing in Arabic newspapers and magazines to the publication of the Jabal Amel newspaper and al-Irfan magazine, as well as his historical activities, including the authorship of the book History of Sidon and writing dozens of historical articles — in which he calls for nationalism — continues, and concludes with an examination of al-Zayn's political activities and his role in fighting corruption, and his cooperation in numerous conferences on the subject of Syrian unity and his refusal to accept the mandate, which led to his arrest.
In a time when Lebanon was under Ottoman rule (before World War I), and then the French, was a difficult era, he played an effective political, national, social, religious, intellectual, and cultural role in the Jabal Amel movement.
" Although Ahmad al-Zayn was one of the main writers of these newspapers, he did not stop at writing for them; from 1909, he published al-Irfan magazine, and also from 1912, the Jabal Amil weekly, which was a fiery cry and a piercing call.
This book is a collection of articles about the position of Shiites in various regions, which Sheikh Ahmad al-Zayn wrote in Al-Irfan magazine from the second issue of the fifth period (dated 29 Kanun al-Awwal/ December 1913) wrote and published.
Sheikh Ahmad al-Zayn proceeded to correct, comment on, and prepare the indices of this book and published it in 1913 in four hundred and sixteen pages at the price of three quarters of a Majidi Rial in the Al-Irfan magazine printing house.
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