خلاصة:
The Quran, in many verses, has spoken of 'Khatm' and 'Tab' on the heart. As inferred from the verses, God has used these two expressions regarding those whose hearts are surrounded by their sins and, due to the multiplicity of transgressions, have turned away from their original Fitra (innate nature) and consequently do not believe. Of course, in some verses of the Quran, other different and subtle words such as 'Rayn', 'Ghilf', 'Qufl', 'Qasawat', and 'Akinnah', which are actually related terms to 'Tab' and 'Khatm', have been used regarding a person being deprived of their Fitra. Each of these words refers to a stage of human intellectual deviation and deprivation of recognition, starting from weaker stages and reaching hard and dangerous stages, such that the sense of discernment is completely taken away from the human. This article aims, while making a short reference to the concept of the heart in the Quran, to address the semantics of these two words in light of the terms related to 'Khatm' and 'Tab', and to express the relative synonymy between them. To this end, in the first step, an investigation into the semantics of these two words among lexicographers has been conducted so that, while paying attention to the literal meaning of these words, their Quranic meanings are also obtained. Subsequently, while discussing the lack of complete synonymy between these two words, the targets of 'Khatm' and 'Tab' and the factors that cause these dangerous diseases of the human psyche are addressed. Finally, what prevents these spiritual ailments of the human heart will also be discussed.
ملخص الجهاز:
- Sometimes it refers to the stage of rust (Mutaffifin/14) - Sometimes it speaks of the deviation of the heart (As-Saff/5) - - Sometimes a veil falls over the heart (Al-An'am/25) - At times, the heart enters completely into a sheath (An-Nisa/155) - Sometimes firm locks are placed upon the heart (Muhammad/24) - Sometimes it places it in a container and seals it (Al-Baqarah/7) - Sometimes the heart takes on a fixed imprint like a coin, and no possibility of change exists within it (An-Nahl/106) As can be inferred from the verses, Khatm and Tab on the heart are among the final stages of deprivation, such that at the time of Khatm, the heart reaches the ultimate and final stage of intellectual and mental rigidity, and when the heart becomes Matbu (sealed/imprinted), the deprivation of knowledge reaches its limit and takes on a fixed form.
In the Holy Quran, the main factors of this matter have been explained, which will be referred to in the following: A) Following whims and desires Following whims and desires is among the factors that cause the sealing of the heart, as indicated in verse 23 of Surah Al-Jathiyah: (أَفَرَأَیْتَ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ إِلَهَهُ هَوَاهُ وَأَضَلَّهُ اللَّهُ عَلَی عِلْمٍ وَخَتَمَ عَلَی سَمْعِهِ وَقَلْبِهِ وَجَعَلَ عَلَی بَصَرِهِ غِشَاوَهً); "So have you seen him who has taken as his god his [own] desire, and Allah has sent him astray due to knowledge and has set a seal upon his hearing and his heart and placed over his vision a veil?" In this verse, the Holy Quran wants to say that desire is the root of the obstacles to cognition, and by these dusts settling on the mirror of the heart, this mirror becomes rusted and the human being suffers from the sealing of the heart.
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