خلاصة:
The first part of the article, titled "Ideology, its Concept and Functions," was published in a previous issue. Now, in the second part, while conceptualizing revolution and referring to its various definitions, we consider revolution as requiring political mobilization with all its necessities. We then present modern theories of revolution in the form of psychological, sociological, and political approaches at both micro and macro levels. Alongside explaining the major theories in each approach separately, we examine the role, function, and position of ideology in each of these perspectives. The theoretical achievement of this article is the acceptance of the important influence of ideology and its significant role in the emergence of revolutionary situations and the occurrence of political mobilization in revolution theories.
ملخص الجهاز:
The theoretical achievement of this article is the acceptance of the important influence of ideology and its significant role in the emergence of revolutionary situations and the occurrence of political mobilization in theories of revolution.
Chalmers Johnson: Revolution is violence aimed at achieving one or more of the following goals: change in government (personnel and leadership) or change in regime (form of government and how political power is distributed) or change in society (social structure, property control system, class dominance, dominant values, and the like), as well as change in government policies [1973: 26 Zagorin].
Samuel Huntington: Revolution is rapid, fundamental, and violent internal change in the basic values and beliefs of a society, in its social structures and political institutions, and in the conduct of government policies [1968: 264].
Giddens: Revolution is a process of political transformation, including the mobilization of a mass social movement in which, through the use of violence, the existing regime is successfully overthrown and a new government is formed.
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