Abstract:
Sheikh Mufid, a highly distinguished theologian
and jurist, was the founder of developing the tradition in the
fields of theology (kalam) and legal studies (fiqh). His role
included establishing an independent identity of the school of
Ahlul Bayt, created a model for the development of Shi‘i fiqh,
and formulated a method in theology and legal studies based on
logical coherence between reason and revelation. This paper
offers an explanation of Sheikh Mufid’s efforts to revive the
principles of fiqh and kalam, a brief history of the political
situation during his time, and his status with prominent scholars
and the Ahlul Bayt
Machine summary:
"This science studies God’s existence and attributes, His great actions such as creation of the universe, and 1 Also known as Hasan ibn ‘Ali al-‘UmmEnT, one of the Shi’a theologians who wrote al-Mutamassik bi Habl-i lir-Ras l 2 (412 – 336) himself was one of the Sheikh Mufid’s teachers and wrote the book Tahzib A k m ash-Shar ‘ah in 20 volumes 3 Ali DavEni, The Millennial Commemoration of Sheikh QsT, the lecture of Seyyed Muhammad Kazim Imam, p.
They also differed in issues such as the knowledge and infallibility of the Imams and the way in which they are appointed by God. At that time, Sheikh Mufid, a person with high eagerness, held debates with Ali ibn ‘ŒsE RummEnT, and Judges Abubakr BEqilEnT and Abdul JabbEr Mu‘tazilT.
To play his role in the political activities of that time, Sheikh Mufid, the intellectual leader of the Shi‘a, highlighted the issue of Imamate and leadership and for the first time, raised the issue of guardianship (wil yah) of the highest jurisprudent, and introduced it as a divine authority in the shadow of the Buyids’ temporary supports while he was facing the dangers of deviant oppositions who were intellectually dependent on the tyrant Abbasid Caliphate.
Their honor have appointed Shiite jurisprudents as rulers and have granted them the permission to decide about these issues; so whereas they can observe the law about Overall, Sheikh Mufid believed that the guardianship and sultanate of jurisprudents is equivalent to the absolute guardianship and government of Prophet Muhammad and the Imams, and with this guardianship, people must be absolutely obedient to them."