Machine summary:
Having established themselves well inside Turkistan territories of Iran the Russians imposed on 21 December 1881 a frontier convention in Tehran, which defined new border between the two states from the mouth of the Atrak River to the small town ofLotfabad, 60 miles east-north-east of Quchan.
(20) The Atrak River itself formed the boundary line between Iran and Russia as far as the junction of Sumbar at Chat, 75 miles east-north of the Gulf of Hassan-Qoli.
In this map the Rivers Atrak and Gorgan were given to Turkmen and the Qara Su was described as forming the northern boundary of Iran near the Caspian Sea. When in 1869 the Shah oflran questioned Russia's intention with regard to areas around the Atrak River, the Russians replied in an assuring manner that can be considered as a new understanding between the two sides.
<30> The Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent a note to Russian Minister at Tehran on 26 December 1874 enquiring about the boundary line on the Atrak river and Iran's authority therein.
,,(33) New Adjustments In Soviet-Iranian Boundary Arrangements Russian southward expansionism stopped with the signing in Tehran of 1893 convention while the Iranians remained unhappy about having to cede to Russia some of their undisputed territories in the frontier areas concerned.
No matter what was done to Iran's north-eastern territories and frontiers by the Russians in the beginning and by the Soviets subsequently, border areas and the boundaries inherited from them by the Republic of Turkmenistan with Iran, have proved to be stable and reliable.