Machine summary:
ment of a people is not the outcome of any one person's own efforts nor is it due to any natural or territorial causes, rather it is the result of constant and continuous labour exerted through the length of centuries, which builds up the character and morals of a nation under the influence of many foreign and internal factors which contribute their due share in the task of nation building, general improvement and cultural progress.
dawned upon them after they had embraced Islam, they began to understand better ways of life and improved themselves a good deal; formerly the pure Arab Bedouins were considered almost savages having an original culture of a nomadic type.
Before the Arabs established an empire at Baghdad under the direct guidance of the Iranians, they had already founded a very vast empire at Damascus, whose range from west to east extended from the Pyrenees or Jabal al-Brans, as the Arabs called it, to India including Sind and part of the Punjab, while on the other side it extended from the shores of the Atlantic and the burning sands of the African desert to the boundary of China having the whole of the Central Asia-the Land of Tartary-c-within its compass including such important centres of culture as Khiv«, Bukhara, and Samarqand which developed later on into great centres of culture.
When Baghdad was developed under the Abbasids and they made it a centre of culture, these also developed in this city trade, commerce, industry and the arts, in fact.
' We find that at Baghdad the best of human thought, and the best products of industry and agriculture were accumulated and propagated and these helped to develop a culture and a way of life which was a source of pride for many centuries to come.