چکیده:
Aim: The present study investigated the effects of -ﻫﺪف: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﺎی ﺧﻠﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬـﺮهmood induction by subliminally presenting stimuli of ﮔﻴﺮی از ﭼﻬﺮهﻫﺎی ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮآﺳﺘﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه و ﻫﺪفhuman faces depicting happy and sad expressions. .اﺻﻠﻲ، ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻣﻴﻨـﻪﺳـﺎز ﻧﺎﻫـﺸﻴﺎر اﻳـﻦ اﺧـﺘﻼﻻت اﺳـﺖThe aim of this research was to explore fundamentalunconsciousness determinants of these moods. روش: روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، از ﻧﻮع ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن- ﭘﺲ آزﻣـﻮن ﺑـﺎ ﮔـﺮوهMethod: Research method was pretest-posttest with ﮔﻮاه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر 54 آزﻣـﻮدﻧﻲ ﺑـﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﮔﻴـﺮی درcontrol group. 45 undergraduate students of Shahid دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﺧﻠﻖ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ، ﺷﺎد و ﻏﻤﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ وBeheshti University were randomly divided into ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﺧﻠـﻖ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ واﺗـﺴﻦ، ﻛـﻼرک وthree groups: happy mood, sad mood and neutralmood. After completing the Positive and Negative ﺗﻠﮕﻦ )8891(، در ﻣﻌﺮض 02 ﭼﻬـﺮة ﻫﻴﺠـﺎﻧﻲ ﺷـﺎد، ﻏﻤﮕـﻴﻦ وMood Scale (PANAS), each group was presented ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ راﻳﺎﻧـﻪ و ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت زﻳﺮآﺳـﺘﺎﻧﻪایwith 20 pictures of human faces depicting sad, happy ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن، آزﻣﻮدﻧﻲ ﻫـﺎ دوﺑـﺎرهor neutral moods. In post-test, participants wereasked to complete PANAS again. Results: Results ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﻲ را ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞshowed that subliminally presented happy faces ﻧ ـﺸﺎندﻫﻨ ـﺪة ﺗﺄﻳﻴ ـﺪ ﻓﺮﺿ ـﻴﻪﻫ ـﺎی ﭘ ـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑ ـﻮد: ﭼﻬ ـﺮه ﻫ ـﺎی ــ ـ ـــ ـ ـ ـdecreased negative mood and increased positive زﻳﺮآﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪای ﺷﺎد، ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ و ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ را اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶmood. The opposite effect was observed forsubliminally presented sad faces. Conclusion: It can ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﻬﺮه ﻫﺎی زﻳﺮآﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪای ﻏﻤﮕﻴﻦ، ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻔﻲbe concluded that subliminal perception of faces may :را اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ و ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ را ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣـﻲ دﻫﻨـﺪ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪﮔﻴـﺮیbe effective in experimentally induced mood change ادراک زﻳﺮآﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪای ﭼﻬﺮهﻫﺎ در ﺧﻠﻖ ﺟـﺎری اﻓـﺮاد در آزﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺎهand therefore these results may be used by ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ، ﻣﻲﺗﻮان از ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ اﻳـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ در زﻣﻴﻨـﻪﻫـﺎیpractitioners and clinicians to treat mood disorders inparticular depression. .درﻣﺎﻧﻲ و ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت ﺧﻠﻘﻲ ﺑﻪوﻳﮋه اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮدKeywords: emotional faces, mood induction,
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Journal of Applied Psychology ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدی Vol. 4, No. 2(14), Summer 2010, 7-19 7 -19 ،1389 ﺳﺎل4، ﺷﻤﺎره 2)41(، ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن اﻟﻘﺎی ﺧﻠﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭼﻬﺮهﻫﺎی ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮآﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ای Mood induction by subliminal presentation of emotional faces M.
Jaskowski 01 ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدی/ ﺳﺎل4/ ﺷﻤﺎره 2 )41(/ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 9831 اﻟﻘﺎی ﺧﻠﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭼﻬﺮه ﻫﺎی ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮآﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ای در ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ، راﺑﻠﺲ، وﻟﻨﺰ، ﻛﺎرور و اﺳﻤﻴﺖ1 )7891( ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺘﻜﺎری ﺳﻄﻮح اﺿﻄﺮاب ﺣﺎﻟﺖ، ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ﭼﻬﺮهﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﻔﻲ، ﺧﻨﺜﻲ و ﻣﺜﺒﺖ را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮآﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪای ﺑﻪ آزﻣﻮدﻧﻲﻫﺎ اراﺋﻪ دادﻧﺪ.
Watson, Clark & Tellegan 51 ﻣﺤﺴﻦ دوﺳﺘﻜﺎم، ﺳﭙﻴﺪه ﭘﻮرﺣﻴﺪری، ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺣﻴﺪری و ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎر ﺷﻬﻴﺪی ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺟﺪول ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ اراﺋﻪ زﻳﺮآﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪای ﭼﻬﺮه ﻏﻤﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ارﺋﻪ زﻳﺮآﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪای ﭼﻬﺮه ﺷﺎد ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ در ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮی ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﻲ در اراﺋﻪ زﻳﺮآﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪای ﭼﻬﺮهﻫﺎ F ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺬورات درﺟﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری آزادی ﻣﺠﺬورات 100/0 35/22 2/489 2 4/8691 ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﮔﺮوه 100/0 67/12 82/099 2 75/0891 ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ 76/34 24 4/8381 ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﻄﺎ 5/54 24 2/1191 ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ 44 8/2083 ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﻞ 44 77/1983 ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ: ﻻﻧﺪای وﻳﻠﻜﺰ ﺑﺮای ﮔﺮوه: 100/0<F (82،4)= 18/2 p ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از 100/0 ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻧﻤﺮات ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن و ﭘﻴﺶآزﻣﻮن در اراﺋﻪ زﻳﺮآﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪای ﭼﻬﺮهﻫﺎی ﺷﺎد، ﻏﻤﮕﻴﻦ، و ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار اﺳﺖ.
Joormann & Gotlib 71 ﻣﺤﺴﻦ دوﺳﺘﻜﺎم، ﺳﭙﻴﺪه ﭘﻮرﺣﻴﺪری، ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺣﻴﺪری و ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎر ﺷﻬﻴﺪی ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد اﻟﻘﺎی ﺧﻠﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭼﻬﺮهﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻏﻴﺮ زﻳﺮآﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪای ﻧﻴﺰ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد و ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آن ﺑﺎ اﻟﻘﺎی ﺧﻠﻖ زﻳﺮآﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪای ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷـﻮد."