خلاصه ماشینی:
"(Campione, 1989) In mediation, the more knowledgeable other or teacher offers minimal hints to support and direct the learner as the learner completes a task that is beyond their capacity to some degree An interactive or mediated assessment can indicate not only what a student knows, but can also reveal what they are able to do with regard to strategies, metacognition, and regulation of learning / ?
Hudson believes that these developments interact to promote language assessment that recognizes the need to expand beyond a tradition that has focused on language primarily as a decontextualized cognitive skill or ability (Cumming & Maxwell, 1999).
In their view, alternative assessment types: ● require students to perform, create, produce, or do something; ● tap into higher level thinking and problem-solving skills; ● use tasks that represent meaningful instructional activities; ● approximate real-world applications; ● ensure that people, not machines, do the scoring, using human judgment; ● call upon teachers to perform new instructional and assessment roles.
In addition, alternative assessment of learning and achievement can be designed to provide useful information to teachers and learners to reflect on in order to consider the content and skills to be studied or taught in order to improve performance.
This approach is embedded within teaching and learning context and aims at moving learners from ing psychological processes and cognitive development spawned a sociocultural perspective (Barnard & Campbell, 2005) in the learning sciences whereby the social context is at the heart of the learning process."