Phonology is the study of plant and animal life cycle phenomenon, composed of environmental changes (Meier et al, 2009). Most agricultural issues such as suitable date for implanting, irrigation, reaping, fight against pest vermin and the optimum production can be obtained through determining the stages of phonology in each area, the required temperature units in each stage and the overall period of plant growth (Mir Haji et al, 2010).Rose is one of the most important crops for floriculture industry. Rosa includes 200 species and more than 18.000 types (Baydar et al, 2004). Gole Mohammadi flower, that is known as Rosa Damacsena Mill is of Rosaceae group and is one of the most renowned and ancient roses in the history of gardening. The products of this plant include rosewater, essence, petal and dry bud (Ahmadi et al, 2008). In this study the growth process of the rose is determined based on the following stages: germination, leaf production, side stem development, the main stem elongation, beginning of the end of vegetative development, inflorescence, flowering, fruit growth, ripeness and dormancy (sleep). Mattson and Lieth (2007) have considered the growth stages of two kinds of roses, Cardinal and Fire âIceâ, as germination, appearance of the first leaf pair production, bud production, last leaf production and reaping. According to Pasian and Lief (1994, 1996), from germination to reaping, the speed rate of Karma rose increased linearly between 5-30 â¦C accumulated thermal unit according to them, the thermal unit for hybrid Cara Mia, Royalty and Sonia roses are 510, 580 and 545(GDD) from germination to reaping, respectively. In all calculations, the threshold temperature is considered as 5.2. Mattson and Lieth (2007) considered the (GDD) of 5.2 (GDD) for hybrid rose types: the Cardinal and the Fire âIceâ. Stings and et al (2002) considered, the required temperature from germination to inflorescence as 9.5â¦C and 479 (GDD) for Red Sunblaze with 8.1â¦C base temperature and 589 (GDD). In general, the leaf area, stem length and the stem diameter of Cardinal rose generally grew with a decrease in temperature, but the best stem growth was observed at 18â¦C .Flower dry weight, however, increased from 0.7 to 3.0 (g) as temperature decreased from 30 to 15â¦C (Shier et al, 2001). Kafi and Riazi (2001) are of the opinion that the 21â¦C in day time and 15â¦C at night with +5 -10â¦C can be effective for the quality of essence. Provinces of Fars, Kerman, Isfahan and eastern Azarbayjane in Iran are the appropriate regions for Gole Mohammadi cultivation. Isfahan has the highest level of flower production among these four provinces (Nemat Allahi, 2006). Although the amount of rosewater produced in Iran is very high which contributes to national economy, there do not exist phonological studies in this field. Here the attempt is made to analyze the phonological conditions of Gole Mohammadi.
The species of rose under investigation: The species of the rose under investigation is Gole Mohammadi. Gole Mohammadi that is known as Rosa Damacsena Mill is of the Rosaceae group. It is one of the most important rose shrubs in the history of gardening. Based on the botanical science, Gole Mohammadi is a shrub with many pressed wide fine hook- shaped thorns, and with aromatic pink half-filled petals that are sometimes red. It has 5-7 small oval shaped-arrow-tipped- fine toothed petals. The leaves are shiny green with a furry back.
The site under investigation: The site under investigation is a one acre farm that is located in Barzok, a suburb of city of Kashan, Isfahan province at 33â¦C 45â² N latitude and 51â¦C 14â² E altitude, at 2226 MSL height.
Barzak, growth- day-rate, (GDD), Gole Mohammadi, phenology, BBCH scale, growth, Day, Rate