چکیده:
Communication strategies (CSs) are systematic attempts by language learners to encode or decode meaning in a target language in situations where the appropriate target language rules have not been formed. Based on this view, communication strategies can be seen as compensatory means for making up for linguistic deficiencies of second or foreign language learners. Within the conceptual framework outlined, this paper is a report on a research conducted at Azarbaijan Teachers Education University on the students majoring in English Language and Literature. The main aim was to seek a relationship between the subjects’ use of communication strategies in solving communication problems and their proficiency levels in English as a foreign language. The data was collected by means of one-to-one interviews with the participants, and were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicated that the frequency of communication strategies applied by the participants varied according to their proficiency levels, i.e. low proficient learners tended to employ more communication strategies in comparison with high and moderate ones. The type of communication strategies employed also varied according to their oral proficiency level. It was revealed that high level participants employed more L2-based communication strategies where the low proficient learners used more L1-based ones.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Method The choice and use of communication strategies in relationship to language proficiency level was the aim of the study, for which the following sampling, data gathering and analytic procedures were taken.
Table 3 The Frequency Distribution of Subcategories of Modification Devices for Each Group Type of CSs Proficiency Level Total High Moderate Low Pausing 30 40 81 151 Clarification request 13 29 50 92 Confirmation checks 1 2 2 5 Self Repairs 17 14 5 36 Comprehension Checks 3 4 8 15 Backchannel cues - - - Total 64 89 146 299 At this stage, to shed more light to the discussion, we will take into account these sub-strategies one by one.
Table 4 The Frequency Distribution of the Subcategories of L2-Based CSs Type of CSs Proficiency Level Total High Moderate Low Circumlocution 10 10 1 21 Approximation - - - - Appeal 2 1 2 5 Total 12 11 3 26 Circumlocution Circumlocution is the use of additional utterances of any form (single words, phrases, sentences) to describe the features, function, location, or purpose of a seemingly unfamiliar concept.
As the frequency distribution tables showed in previous sections, the frequency of communication strategies (CSs) applied by Iranian EFL learners varied according to their proficiency levels, that is, low proficient learners tended to use more communication strategies in comparison with high and moderate ones."