خلاصه ماشینی:
"Having gone through the previous empirical works on the time series approach of convergence hypothesis, we found two important points which are as follows: First, they all used various unit root and/or stationary tests such as Augmented Dicky and Fuller (1979) (hereafter ADF), Phillips and Perron (1988) (hereafter PP), Zivot-Andrews (1992) (hereafter ZA), Lumsdain and Papell (1997) (hereafter LP), Lee and streazicich (2003), and Carrion-i-Silvestre, et al.
Then, he tested the catching up hypothesis for each country toward aggregate real per capita GDP of its subgroup using the ADF unit root test and KPSS stationary test.
3- Results In order to examine the catching up hypothesis toward the USA, we first tested the stationary of GDP per capita gap series by three univarivare unit root tests such as, ADF, PP, and Sollis (2009) and also two stationary tests namely, Carrion-i-Silvestre, et al.
Analyzing the catching up process in middle income group shows that nine countries such as, Central African Republic, Congo, Cote d`Ivoire, the Gambia, Guinea, Haiti, Kenya, Rwanda, and Senegal that were in the middle-income group in 1960, experienced divergence process for at least over four decades and hence fell into low-income group in 2009.
This paper examined the GDP per capita catching up process of 109 countries toward USA’s GDP per capita through the use of time series model of convergence hypothesis and univariate stationary test over the period between 1960 to 2009."