خلاصه ماشینی:
"The results showed that elite volleyball players, compared with non-elite ones, recorded higher scores at all levels of mental skills.
Research hypotheses aimed to compare the levels of regulating motivation, imagery, mental energy, concentration, self-confidence, and goal-orientation between two groups of volleyball players.
Firstly used by researchers in Seoul and Barcelona Olympics, This questionnaire in consisted of 60 question measuring 6 psychological skills including motivation, concentration, self-confidence, mental energy level regulation, imagery, and goal selection.
According to above-mentioned data, it can be stated that the level of motivation, concentration, self- confidence, mental energy level regulation, imagery, and goal-orientation in elite volleyball players is significantly higher than non-elite ones.
By contrast, the results of study by Jafari, Moradi, and Rafieinia (2007) indicate that there is no significant difference between elite and non-elite athletes of different sports in terms of motivation level, which is inconsistent with the results of the present paper(13).
Elite non-Elite 50 40 30 20 10 0 Motivation Concentration Self-confidence Mental energy Imagery Goal-orientation Psychological Skills Table 1.
The present study showed that elite volleyball players can regulate their mental energy level better than non-elite players, which is consistent with findings of Godoy-Izquierdo, Vélez, and Godoy (2007) (11), but inconsistent with the results of some other authors like Meyers et al.
Rivera and Dosil (2007), and Godoy- Izquierdo, Vélez, and Godoy (2007) reported higher levels of imagery in elite athletes compared with non-elite ones (5, 11), which is consistent with findings of the present study."