چکیده:
Khanghah Gilvan cemetery is located in Khalkhal, in the Iranian province of Ardebil. This cemetery came into light during a highway construction project in Khanghah village. Until now, three archeological excavations, under the author’s supervision, have been carried out in this cemetery that has resulted in burials from the Middle Bronze Age up to Parthian period.
Among the excavated burials, four of them belong to the Parthian period. These burials are pit graves containing gifts such as potteries, bronze and iron materials, metal ornaments and beads with different forms. Grave usually containing single body had different conditions such as open or closed burials in different directions.
Samples of pit graves of Parthian period, apart from Khanghah Gilvan cemetery, have also been discovered at Sad Eskandar in Gorgan, Sang Shir at Hamadan, Cheshmeh Sar at Takht-e-Jamshid and Vaskeh cemetery. The burial samples with open-pit were prevalent during Parthian period that apart from Khanghah Gilvan cemetery have also found at Sang Shir tepe at Hamadan, Kangavar, and Cemetery at Susa, Cheshmeh Sar at Takht-e-Jamshid, Sad Eskander at Gorgan, Veskeh and Mianrud in Talesh.
Likewise, samples showing closed-pit burials of Parthian period, apart from Khanghah Gilvan cemetery, have also found at Sang Shir at Hamadan, Kangavar, Tagh Bostan, Germi, Vaskeh and Mianrud cemetery.
گورستان خانقاه گیلوان در استان اردبیل و در شهرستان خلخال قرار گرفته است. این گورستان در
نتیجه یک پروژه جاده سازی در روستای خانقاه*آشکار گردید. در این گورستان تا به امروزن سه فصل
کاوش باستان شناسی» به سرپرستی نگارنده انجام گردیده که در نتیجه این کاوشهاء گورهایی از دوره
مفرغ میانی تا دوره اشکانی به دست
از گورهای کاوش شده چهار گور به دوره اشکانی است. این گورها به شکل چاله ای بوده
و در کنار آن ها هدایایی از قبیل ظروف سفالی. اشیائ مفرغی وآهنی و زینت آلا ت و مهرههایی با
اشکال مختلف قرار داده شاوماست. به شکل انفرادی وده و در وضعیتهای مختلف
از قبیل طاق باز و جمع شه و در چهات مختلت صورت" گرفته:ءاست.
نمونه تدفین های چالهای دوره علاوه بر گورستان خانقاه گیوان از گورستان سد اسکندر
گرگان؛ سنگ شیر همدان؛ء چشمه سار تخت جمشید و سکه به دست آمده است. نمونه تدفینهای با
وضعیت طاق باز نیز در دوره اشکانی از جمله وضعیت های معمول تدفین بوده که علاوه بر گورستان
خانقاه گیلوان از گورستانهای سنگ شیر همدانء کنگاور؛ قبرستان حومه شوش چشمه سازتخت
جمشید سد اسکندرگرگان» وسکه و میانرود در تالش به دست آمده است.
همچنین از نمونه وضعیت تدفین جمع شده این دوره علاوه بر گورستان خانقاه گیلوان در
گورستانهای سنگ شیر طاق بستان» گرمی و سکه و میانرود به دست آمده است.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Samples of pit graves of Parthian period, apart from Khanghah Gilvan cemetery, have also been discovered at Sad Eskandar in Gorgan, Sang Shir at Hamadan, Cheshmeh Sar at Takht-e-Jamshid and Vaskeh cemetery.
The burial samples with open-pit were prevalent during Parthian period that apart from Khanghah Gilvan cemetery have also found at Sang Shir tepe at Hamadan, Kangavar, and Cemetery at Susa, Cheshmeh Sar at Takht-e-Jamshid, Sad Eskander at Gorgan, Veskeh and Mianrud in Talesh.
Likewise, samples showing closed-pit burials of Parthian period, apart from Khanghah Gilvan cemetery, have also found at Sang Shir at Hamadan, Kangavar, Tagh Bostan, Germi, Vaskeh and Mianrud cemetery .
Sample of open-bit burial that is witnessed at burial 18 of Khanghah was a usual practice during Parthian period hence; apart from Kahnghah Gilvan, have also been found at Sang Shir of Hamadan (Azarnoosh, 1975, 1976), Kangavar (Kambakhsh Fard, 1972, 1995, 1968), Susa (Ghirshman, 1950), Cheshme Sar at Takht-e-Jamshid (Schmidt, 1975), Sad Eskander at Gorgan (Saeedi, 1996), Veskeh and Mianrud cemetery at Talesh (Khalatbari, 2004).
(View the image of this page) South-north direction that followed in all Parthian burials at Khanghah Gilvan cemetery was a unique method that could not be observed at other cemeteries of this period.
The pit-burial samples of Parthian period, apart from Khanghah Gilvan, have also been found at Sad Eskander tepe in Gorgan (one sample), Sang Shir of Hamadan (48 samples), Cheshme Sar at Takht-e-Jamshid (7 samples) and Vaskeh cemetery (3 samples).
Open-pit burial conditions was also usual during Parthian period that apart from Khanghah Gilvan, have observed at cemeteries of Sang Shir of Hamadan, Kangavar, Susa, Intl.