چکیده:
There are different theories on the mutual relations between human and God. According to some views, human is a rightful being, and he is only limited to self-made limitations in the field of social and political life, they believe that God has no right to assign duty and limit the freedom of human. In contrast, human has duty to perform divine political duties from the 11Quranic perspective. Both standpoints are based on a group of theological, anthropological, and sociological fundamentals. Enjoying the Quranic theological fundamentals, this article refers to the criticisms of the the first viewpoint and then explains the viewpoint of political dutifulness of human from the Quranic perspective. Islam, In the actual state, is a perfect and complete religion and it is regarded as satisfactory for God in guidance and development of humankind; but in the apparent state, the influencing components in role-playing of religion in social aspects are the quality of it realization process, human perception of religious knowledge, and eventually the use of religious knowledge in real life. Hence, the necessity of system construction from religious knowledge arises, in order to make it possible to present the structures of utilizing religious knowledge in the form of an epistemic system and eventually the possibility of establishment of active system based on 10 epistemic system. In this research, the author is to pay attention firstly to the semantics of system construction, then to explain the methodology of system discovery from the religious sources based on the existing different approaches, and finally to present his chosen model of system construction. From one hand, system discovery from religious concepts provides the possibility of governmental Islamic jurisprudence formation, and from the other hand, it increases the power of proving the efficacy of religion in social fields for Islamic thinkers. The method of this research in data gathering is based on library sources (library studies) and the thinkers in the field of system construction (interviews) and in data evaluation is based on grounded theory. Ibn Arabi's theory of personal unity of existence, which is the result and the end of the most important ontological principle of his mysticism namely the principle of the unity of existence, besides its great influence on Islamic philosophy and theoretical mysticism, it enjoys of having an extensive practical background in human life. According to this theory, existence is an objective and principal reality and at the same time is of natural and personal unity whose apparent multiplicity is not of the existence but the multiplicity of appearances of the mentioned absolute being. The main problem of the present research is to study the influences of this theory on human life and it 9claims that it can have extensive practical implications on different aspects of human life. So while paying attention to the difference between understanding the theory that is easily possible for everybody and realizing it that in spite of not being perfectly and completely possible in this world, one can reach to some degrees of it by the help of purification of his soul. The present article has studied some of the practical applications of this idea such as self-understanding, theology, resemblance to God, reaching to the human perfection, and love, by using his main texts and certain interpretations made by some of commenters of his works. Theory of Etebariat is one of the philosophical initiatives of Allameh Tabatabai that Due to some problems in the way of understanding it, unfortunately, has not been explained well yet. So with an overview of works that have been written about this theory, some criticisms can be seen that Derived from misunderstanding of 8 Allameh Tabatabai’s goal in theorizing Etebariat. The authors of this article believe that studying Allameh Tabatabai’s writings about this theory according to its theoretical roots and Allameh Tabatabai’s scholarly life periods can be prepare a good basis to understand Allameh Tabatabai’s goal in theorizing Etebariat and this will lead to better understanding of theory of Etebariat. Epistemic evaluation of religious beliefs can be done on several epistemological perspectives. Virtue Epistemology is a modern approach in philosophical investigation that introduces usage of the intellectual virtues in appropriate circumstance as the criteria of truth and epistemic value of belief. Linda Zagzebski, contemporary philosopher of religion and ethics, propounding unity of ethical and intellectual virtues, believes that if epistemic agent use appropriate intellectual virtue in any epistemic circumstance, because of the virtues’ structure which success in attaining its outmost, he will grasp the truth. In order to evaluate the epistemic value of religious beliefs on this theory, one should compare its internal criteria (intellectual virtues and practical wisdom) and external criteria (following an 7epistemic authority and wise person) with religious beliefs. Regardless of evaluation of this major epistemological view and considering it as a presupposition, in research on the process of religious belief formation and believers’ way in believing and epistemic conduct, the aforementioned criteria can be considered as to be adaptable to these beliefs. Accordingly, to evaluate religious beliefs, one should not look for justificatory and belief-based criteria, but should consider agent-based and processing view and also should analyze believers’ belief formation process that seems to be successful in the trial of believing in God. Moderate theosophy or moderate school that characterizes the thoughts of Mullah Muhammad Tonekaboni, the theosopher in 11th and 12th century A.H. This article investigates the appellation of his thought to moderate school; and it would make clear that in the mentioned centuries the two problems of content participation of existence and divine attributes were the most controversial issues, which is of the field of philosophy of religion and philosophical theme. Most of students of Rajab Ali Tabrizi followed him in denial of content participation of existence and choose a different method in 6 the field of divine attributes against the famous theosophers. Although Tonekaboni was the student of Tabrizi and learned philosophy from him; he moved away from him and his students and proved the content participation of existence and the attributes of the necessary being; that is the reason that he is counted as the moderate school in philosophy. fundamentally oppose the possibility, necessity, and desirability of the production of Islamic Humanities. After proposing the preliminary issues, this article will discuss about the role of fundamentals in science specially Humanities; then referring to the influence of the type of religious study in current humanities and the fundamentals the deniers of religious science relating to the study of religion, the article would propose the fundamentals of Islamic Humanities relating to the study of religion and its methodological outcome. Any science and knowledge especially Humanities, are based on different fundamentals and presuppositions including fundamentals of Islamic Humanities related to the study of religion. Our approach to religion would influence on science. These fundamentals are as follows: definition of religion, aims, and goals of religion, effects, and functions of religion, sources of actual and apparent state of religion, and scope, and the realm of religion... This fundamentals have direct or indirect influence on science specially Humanities from different aspects. One of its effects and outcomes of the fundamentals is its method and logic of science. The existing Humanities are based on the specific principles relating to the study of religion such as separation of religion and world, disintegration of the source of religious scope and worldly scope (minimal scope for religion), lack of relation between science and religion, evolution and limitation of the aim of the prophetic mission and orientation of prophets invitation in inner and individual, and otherworldly affairs, and separation of religion and life and social life and so on; these principles have also direct and indirect influence on the method and logic of the sciences. Deniers of religious science consider the existing Humanities as their desired one based on different fundamentals including the ones of the study of religion; they Philosophy of religion either defined based on Christian theology and regarded into its essence in the form of A Posteriori. Nowadays, both aspects were criticized essentially in the definition of philosophy of religion, and systematic efforts must be made to present antagonist theory. Until now, the two aspects of definition were not researched properly; the author holds that it was not addressed well. In this article, the two following problems will be studied. First, the article makes it clear that the current definition of philosophy of religion is a limited and incomplete definition, and reduces philosophy of religion from philosophical approach to theological one by neglecting the possibilities of other religions [than Christianity]. Not only 3this reducibility will perform the enrichment of theological approach, but also it will incline it towards advocacy. In addition, it will eclipse the philosophical attribute that is thinking and criticism. Second, the current definition of philosophy of religion is fundamentally an A- Posteriori definition. The most important difficulty of this approach is the lack of transcendental intention to this definition. In another word, the A- Posteriori definition would undermine the comprehensiveness of definition and cannot bear free relation with the quiddity of the philosophy of religion. The result of such approach would be the lack of a true definition.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Political Dutifulness of human from the viewpoint of the Theological fundamentals in Quran Mohammad Abedi 1 Abstract Keywords: Faculty member at "Quran and Hadith studies Dep.
Semantics of the "System Construction" And Methodology of the System Discovery from the Religious Sources Hosein Babaei-Mojarrad 1 Behrouz Rezaeimanesh 2 Abstract Keywords: The Role of Believing in Ibn Arabi's Tabataba'i University".
Theory of Personal Unity of Existence and its Implication in Human Life Zahra Rasuli 1 Mohammad Kathem Elmi 2 Abstract Keywords: An Introduction to Understanding the Ph. D.
of philosophy of religion and modern-theological problems, graduated from the University of Qom. Philosophical Problems Abolhasan Ghaffari 1 Abstract Keywords: Assistant Professor at "Philosophy Dep.
Keywords: Fundamentals of Islamic Humanities of the Study of Religion and its Methodological Outcome Ramazan Alitabar 1 Abstract Critical Investigation on the Definition Assistant professor at "logic of understanding religion Dep."