چکیده:
Translation is an indispensable tool for communication between the diverse linguistic groups. It opens new horizons for the people living in a country so that it makes changes and improvements in their society, especially in the literature. Through the translation process, some literary principles and elements are introduced into the home literature which did not exist before. These features emerge not only as new models of reality to function as a substitute for old and established literary conventions that are no longer effective, but as a whole range of other features as well, such as compositional patterns and techniques or literary genres and forms (Even-Zohar, 1990). During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, translation from European languages caused that the Persian literature began experiencing new trends in poetry and prose, leading to the rise of modern Persian literature. This study aims to scrutinize the signifi-cant role of the translated western literature in the rise of the modern Persian literature, for this purpose, new literary genres introduced into the Persian literary polysystem through the translation of the western works have been studied. It employs Even-Zohar's polysystem theory to investigate the conditions which gave rise to the literary interference in Iran and to illuminate the main reasons which resulted in the canonization of the translated works in the Persian literary polysystem. It shows that the translations transferred new models and themes with themselves, which were decisive in shaping modern Persian literature.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"To collect data, the research- er has done a historical review of the works relat- ed to the history of modern Persian literature to recognize certain periods of time in which various socio-political conditions of the society led to the significant role of translations and translators in the introduction of new literary genres and thereby the rise of modern Persian literature.
Late nineteenth and early twentieth century translations of western works introduced new cultural paradigms and literary traditions into the Persian literature and enabled it to undergo a revolutionary change and experience perhaps the deepest and most intense transformation for its entire existence.
In this period of time, dispatching some students to Europe to learn western techniques, the proliferation of newspapers and books which was resulted from the spread of printing presses in Iran, the foundation of the Dár al-Fonún (Pol- ytechnic) in 1852 which made feasible the extensive contacts of Iranian intellectuals with a European culture, the completion of the telegraph line to India and Europe in 1864, repeated journeys of Naser al-Din Shah to Euro- pean countries, the establishment of bookshops which sold European books in the country and especially the translation of European literary, philosophical, historical works led to the exten- sive contact of Iranians with the European ideas and cultures, especially during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
From the perspective of the polysystem theory, it was also observed that special literary interference occurred in Iran due to the broad contact of Iranians with the European ideas and cultures, not existence of resisting conditions and a strong feeling of need to options which were not available in the Persian literary system, but offered by accessible European systems during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, while the translation as an indirect channel was the main channel of the literary interference."