چکیده:
Early trade liberalization in the East Asian newly industrialized economies took
place against a backdrop of rapid growth. Later, following the instability of
the international economy in the late 1970s/early 1980s, several developing
countries adopted major economic reforms including trade liberalization somehow
in the form of preferential trade agreements. Increasing openness and mutual
trade relations are likely to be associated, not only with increasingly
competitive product markets but also with intra industry trade (IIT), that is,
the simultaneous exports and imports of products within the same industry. Intra
industry specialization has attracted considerable attention in recent years,
and an increasing number of researchers have developed econometric models to
explain intra industry trade. This paper has two objectives. First it strives to
calculate the extent of bilateral intra industry trade of Iran and Malaysia,
using Grubel & Lloyd index at the 6-digit level of harmonized tariff schedule
over the years 1997-2001. Secondly, some of the various sources of intra
industry trade are combined in a panel gravity method to explore the impact of
implementing any PTA between two countries on the bilateral Iran-Malaysia trade
relations. The results of our econometric study support the hypotheses put
forward in literature as far as the common characteristics of the countries in
question are concerned. Thus, the regression coefficients of the average gross
national income, Linder variable, average country size, inequality in country
size, distance, and preferential trade agreement all have the expected sign and
are statistically significant in 10 percent level in the fixed effect model. The
findings support our hypothesis, showing that preferential trade agreement plays
a significant role in the rapid increase of IIT between the two countries.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Thus, the regression coefficients of the average gross national income, Linder variable, average country size, inequality in country size, distance, and preferential trade agreement all have the expected sign and are statistically significant in 10 percent level in the fixed effect model.
The high level of a country’s IIT with its trading partners can be attributed to a number of country specific factors including: level of economic development and differences, size of domestic markets and differences, distance and the existence of common borders, similar consumer tastes, language, culture, institutional, political and transport links, and more important, economic integration in forms of FTA or PTA.
The high level of a country’s IIT with its trading partners can be attributed to a number of country specific factors including: level of economic development and differences, size of domestic markets and differences, distance and the existence of common borders, similar consumer tastes, language, culture, institutional, political and transport links, and more important, economic integration in forms of FTA or PTA.
In addition, PTA denotes a dummy variable, which is used for testing a hypothesis that integration schemes such as the Iran and Malaysia in the light of a conductive preferential trade agreement should be positively correlated with IIT reflecting increased possibilities of intra industry trade within block integration."