چکیده:
Income inequality can partly be explained by mean income through the labour
productivity, employment and participation rates and it has been tested here
that corruption has statistically significant effect on economic
(income/expenditure) inequality. Increase in transparency (or reduction of
corruption) reduces inequality through reduction of the shares of top 20
percent, while increasing the share of bottom 80 percent of the population.
Thus, corruption only favoured the top 20 percent of the population who in one
way or other, usually are related to the political power.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Abstract Income inequality can partly be explained by mean income through the labour productivity, employment and participation rates and it has been tested here that corruption has statistically significant effect on economic (income/expenditure) inequality.
Corruption could have a large role in any economy, especially in developing countries and inequality is one of the most (if not the ______________________________ * Associate Professor of Econometrics & Social Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar-Iran.
The object of this paper is to explain main part of the income inequality by mean income through labour productivity, employment rate and participation rate as well as to test the effect of corruption.
Gini obtained in Payatt, Chen and Fei(1980) can serve to explain the inequality and develop the concerned model of the paper: (1) Therefore Gini is an inverse function of mean income ().
Using cross-sectional data, in order to estimate the effects of changes in corruption on the income distribution the following model is used; (6) where is the share of the th quintilein total income (expenditure) within country .
Concerning the data, 65 observations including developing and developed countries with income or expenditure Gini coefficient is used for estimation.
Table 1: Estimated results: Transparency (Corruption) and income or expenditure distribution, across developed and developing countries (n=65).
Using a sample of 65 cross-country observations, it has been tested here that corruption has statistically significant effect on income inequality.
Mishra(2004), Corruption and Competition in the Presence of Inequality and Market Imperfections, Working Paper No. 123, Centre for ______________________________ [1]- Higher transparency is equivalent to lower corruption and vice versa."