چکیده:
Economic freedom includes personal choice, voluntary exchange, freedom to
compete, and protection of person and property. Institutions and policies are
consistent with economic freedom when they provide infrastructures for voluntary
exchange, and protect individuals and their property. Legal and monetary
arrangements are particularly important: governments promote economic freedom
when they provide a legal structure and law-enforcement system that protects the
property rights of owners and en-forces contracts in an even-ended manner. They
also enhance economic freedom when they facilitate access to sound money. On the
other hand economic institutions that promote economic freedom are usually
regarded as being fundamental for the process of economic growth.
However, economic freedom also requires governments to refrain from many
activities. They must refrain from actions that interfere with personal choice,
voluntary exchange, and the freedom to enter and compete in labor and product
markets and specially reduce the taxe rates. Since economic freedom could
generate economic growth, government tax income will be increased but it depends
on the optimal degree of economic freedom. Because the relationship between
economic freedom and government tax income is U shape and has optimal point.
In this paper, relationship among the economic freedom, economic growth and
government tax revenue in MENA countries (During 1980 to 2002) have been
measured and U shape hypothesis of relationship between economic freedom and the
government tax income has been tested[1].
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Table 2: Area Economic Freedom Ratings (and Rankings), 2002 At MENA Countries Economic Freedom Size of Government: Expenditures, Taxes and Enterprises Legal Structure & Security of property Rights Access to Sound Money Freedom to Trade Internationally Regulation of Credit, Labor, & Business Rat Ran Rat Ran Rat Ran Rat Ran Rat Ran Rat Ran Algeria 4.
2 39 Sours: Economic Freedom of the World: 2004 Annual Report Table 3: Area Economic Freedom Ratings (and Rankings), 2002 At OECD Economic Freedom Size of Government: Expenditures,Taxes and Enterprises Legal Structure & Security of property Rights Access to Sound Money Freedom to Trade Internationally Regulation of Credit, Labor, & Business Rate Ran Rate Ran Rate Ran Rate Ran Rate Ran Rate Ran Australia 7.
Table 4: Comparison of Area Economic Freedom Ratings (and Rankings), 2002 between MENA & OECD Economic Freedom Size of Government: Expenditures, Taxes and Enterprises Legal Structure & Security of property Rights Access to Sound Money Freedom to Trade Internationally Regulation of Credit, Labor, & Business Rate Ran Rate Ran Rate Ran Rate Ran Rate Ran Rate Ran MENA 6.
A) ______________________________ [1]- Australia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Italy Japan Netherlands Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Kingdom United States B) Where are observations and are countries, T is governments tax income, SIZ is size of government: expenditures, taxes and enterprises, LEGAL is legal structure and security of property rights, FTRADE is Freedom to exchange with foreigners , SMONEY is access to sound money, REGULATION is regulation of credit, labor and business and EF is economic freedom."