چکیده:
Mirza Fath Ali Akhundzadeh is considered one of the most important and influential personalities in the religious-social life of contemporary Iran. He began his cultural activities writing dramas and criticizing the religious-social situation of the society he lived in. He said that this resembled Protestantism. In addition to this, he also dealt theoretically with the criticism of religion and issues related to it.
This article is an attempt to survey the basic features of his intellectual system and his main objections to religion-in particular the religion of Islam-as they are reflected in his major works. Hence, a comprehensive view of his life as well the events that influenced his ideas have been presented herein.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Akhundzadeh was one of the first and most important people to have seriously confronted religion in general and Islam in particular in Iran.
A casual glance at the criticisms of Islam made in Iran and other Muslim countries shows that most of them are the repetition or explanation of the objections put forth by Akhundzadeh.
Researchers believe that Akhundzadeh familiarized himself with the works of many European philosophers and famous authors such as Spinoza, Voltaire, Diderot, Montesquieu, Russo, Holbach, Mill, Buckle, Renan, Homer, Petrarch, Moliere, Hume, Helvétius.
The second period starts from his youth when his mind changes and he moves towards the criticism of religion within the framework of Islamic Protestantism.
He says that "through the new alphabet, the whole nation of Islam will be able to read and write in their own language in a relatively short period of time" (Akhundzadeh 1351 Sh, 190).
Describing the view of Akhundzadeh, Adamiyat writes: "If you want to know the truth, Mirza Fath Ali had never felt pity for the noble religious laws.
In his letter to the editor of the newspaper Haqayiq in 1872, he wrote: "The present Islamic alphabet should not be changed at all … However, when new works are written, the translations of foreign nations and ideas should be written in the new alphabet" (Akhundzadeh 1963, 196).
An important point to note is that he not only criticized Islam but also other religions as well (Akhundzadeh 1351 Sh, 94-95).