چکیده:
The term ‘Landscape’ with complex objective and subjective concepts and extensive physical and nonphysical
aspects, has always been of special interest to authorities and theoreticians in the intellectual fields
related to the Ecology, Geography, Urban Design, Landscape Architecture and other related isciplines and fields. Additionally, sometimes provided definitions have simply directed the concept of ‘Landscape’ toward an environmental issue, which has been taken into consideration from an ecological perspective. As a result, different definitions and approaches have been raised for the issue of ‘Landscape’. In this respect, sometimes there have been attempts to define the term ‘Landscape’ by looking at scholars’ and experts’ perspectives from other countries (beside Iran) , or sometimes by typically considering their own perception of the term ‘Landscape’ as a definition. Moreover, the relationship between man and the environment and the interaction between these two elements in the discussions of Landscape experts and scholars, have created complex relations in the existing definitions of ‘Landscape’. Thus, sometimes the concept of ‘Landscape’ is regarded as an objective fact, which is apart from the man and his mind, and sometimes it is considered as an absolute abstract subjective reality. The objective and subjective complexity aspects of ‘Landscape’ have led the scientific disciplines, developed and grown in the Descartes’ bipolar world, to restraint ‘Landscape’ to merely one-dimensional concept and consider it as an abstract concept in its objective or subjective forms. Furthermore, stated definitions have always been the best indicator and criteria for evaluating the experts’ perspectives of the issue and their approach types. Therefore, by collecting and classifying library documents including inside-and-outside- country provided definitions of the concept of ‘Landscape’ in different areas and disciplines and also by qualitative analysis of inferential and analytical methods, this study attempts to examine the concept of ‘Landscape’ and understand the approaches to deal with it.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Iranian Theorists Environment designers 1384 Kambiz Bahrami Soltani ecology objective 1392 Mohammadreza Masnavi Objective aesthetics objective Homa Irani Behbahani ecology - Objective aesthetics objective Subjective - 1394 Kianoush Souzanchi ecology - Objective aesthetics - Subjective aesthetics - objective Subjective 1394 Behnaz Amin Zadeh ecology - Objective aesthetics - Subjective aesthetics - objective Subjective Urban planners 1385 Kamran Zekavat Objective aesthetics objective 1385 Jahanshah Pakzad Objective aesthetics objective Mostafa Behzadfar Objective aesthetics objective 1385 Farah Habib - Objective aesthetics Subjective aesthetics objective - Subjective 1382 Kourosh Golkar ecology - Objective aesthetics - Subjective aesthetics - objective Subjective 1390 Hassanali Leqaee ecology - Objective aesthetics objective 1388 Sina Razaqee Asl Objective aesthetics Subjective aesthetics- objective Subjective - Sociologists 1394 Naser Fakouhee Subjective aesthetics Subjective Landscape architects 1382 Mohsen Khorasani Zadeh Objective aesthetics objective 1393 Mojtaba Ansari ecology - Objective aesthetics objective Subjective - 1383 Hassan Taqvaee ecology - Subjective aesthetics objective - Subjective 1387 Mohsen Feyzee ecology - Objective aesthetics objective - Subjective 1389 Seyed Amir Mansouri ecology - Objective aesthetics - Subjective aesthetics holistic 1388 Mohammad Atashinbar ecology - Objective aesthetics - Subjective aesthetics holistic 1387 Mehdi Khak Zand ecology - Objective aesthetics objective Subjective - Conclusion Given the above sum up, we can say that landscape in definitions has always relied on two main elements, the elimination of any of them results in an incomplete understanding of landscape."