چکیده:
Background. Although some research showed the benefits of a systematic increase in contextual interference (CI), it
is not completely proved in young children and novices. Objectives. On the other hand, considering the
recommendation of researchers about the advantages and the use of the mental practice, the aim of the present study
was to combine mental practice with CI to improve motor performance in a kata skill. This study investigates the
simultaneous effects of these two types of practice. Methods. One school in Shiraz city was chosen randomly.
Among the entire group of students in this school, 36 sixth-grade elementary school students of age 12 were chosen
randomly to participate in this study. After filling out MIQ questionnaire, participants took part in initial instruction
sessions and then participated in the pretest. In the next stage, they were randomly placed in three groups: blocked
physical practice (B), physical practice with a systematic increase in CI and mental practice + physical practice with
a systematic increase in CI (M-CI). The participants practised for five sessions and five trials in each session. In the
last training session, an acquisition test, a subsequent retention test (48 hours later), and transfer test in a completion
condition were conducted. Results. The results showed a significant difference in the acquisition test in the CI and B
contexts, and in the retention test and transfer tests, in the CI and M-CI contexts. Conclusion. Considering the
results, it can be deduced that the systematic increase in the CI has the highest effectiveness. After that, the combined
practice (M-CI) has long-term positive effects on performance and learning a kata skill.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"The Effect of a Combined Practice Course of Mental and Physical Practice with Systematic Increase in Contextual Interference on Learning a Kata Skill 1Fateme Mohammadhasani, 1Robabeh Rostami*, 1Majid Chhardah Cheric 1Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Considering this theoretical basis and facts, the present study aims to combine CI practice method with mental practice, in order to investigate the results of this combination on the performance and learning of a motor skill.
So, this study combines these two important practice programmes with the aim of comparing the effects of a combined course of mental and physical practice with a systematic increase in CI on the performance of and learning the kata skill.
But the combination of mental practice with systematically increasing CI showed no positive effect on the performance of the participant in this stage.
CONCLUSION Generally, it can be deduced that practice with a systematic increase in CI and a combination of mental practice with CI have a positive effect on the performance and initial learning of a kata skill (Taikyoku Sono Ichi) rather than the traditional blocked practice in novice learners.
Considering the fact that this skill includes the cognitive and motor aspects and the learners were 12 years old and novices, it seems that the use of these two types of practice (mental practice and systematic increase in CI) had positive effects on learning the kata skill.
The effect of mental practice on motor skill learning and performance: A meta - analysis, Journal of Sport psychology."