چکیده:
This paper investigates different kinds of control predicates in Persian
subjunctive complements. First, it is shown that the obligatory control
(OC) constructions syntactically consist of two subtypes exhaustive
control (EC) and non-exhaustive control (NEC). Then building upon
Jackendoff and Culicover (2003) and Culicover and Jackendoff’s (2005)
semantic analysis of control which is devoted to the treatment of
infinitival and gerundive complements, we show that in a very large
class of cases of OC in Persian , the controlled subjunctive complement
also denotes an action. Providing a descriptive typology of each verb
class, this analysis justifies the syntactic classification of control
predicates proposed in this paper. Classes of exceptions are treated as
coercion in the sense of Sag and Pollard (1991), Pollard and Sag (1994),
followed by Jackendoff and Culicover (2003) and Culicover and
Jackendoff (2005), in which internal conventionalized semantic
materials, not present in syntax, are added. The article shows that both
semantic and syntactic properties of control predicates determine the
type of control relation in Persian subjunctive complement clauses.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Most linguists (Manzini 1983, Koster 1984, Bouchard 1984, Lebeaux 1984, Hornstein 1999 among others) maintain the spirit of Williams’ syntactic criteria for OC/NOC distinction, believing that PRO in OC constructions is required to have a local, c-commanding and unique antecedent while PRO in NOC does not have to be c- commanded and allows split antecedent and long distance control.
Then we try to analyze the exceptions to NEC classes as cases of coercion in which conventional meaning, not present in syntax, is added and show that semantic 110 properties of control predicates also confirm the classification of Persian control constructions given in this paper.
(Ghomeshi 2001: 15-20) Looking over the examples of control constructions given by Persian linguists (Karimi 2008; Hashemipour 1988; Ghomeshi 2001 and Darzi 2008), we pinpoint to some differences between control structures in Persian: 1) In some kinds of the predicates, the event time of the subjunctive complement is identical with the matrix clause.
Alii Dur-can-3sg here subj-stay-3sg Ali can stay here While in other constructions the empty subject in complement clause refers to more than one argument which usually includes the controller and some salient entity in the discourse as exemplified in (26), giving a partial control interpretation in Landau’s (1999) terms.
(Landau 1999:43) About allowing overt subject in NEC, As mentioned before, this criterion is adopted by many linguists (Williams 1980, Chomsky 1981, Manzini 1983, Bouchard 1984, Koster 1984, Martin 1996, Manzini and Roussou 2000, Hornstein 1999, in Persian: Hashemipour 1988, Karimi 2008) to distinguish OC/NOC."