چکیده:
Managers in developed countries are increasingly interested in outsourcing as a
potential source of competitiveness and value creation. One of the most useful
outsourcing activities in service sector is information system/technology outsourcing.
This paper is trying to determine the ISP managers’ perceived risks and benefits of
IT/IS outsourcing and also the rate of awareness about potential of IT/IS outsourcing.
Design/methodology/approach - In order to achieve those aims, we first review the
previous literature on this topic and later analyze the results of a survey carried out
from 30 ISPs managers in Tehran using the structured interview method.
Findings: According to the ISPs under analysis, the main advantage of IT
outsourcing is reducing/controlling the general cost while the main risk is the
excessive dependence on the provider. Nevertheless, some characteristics of the ISPs
(e.g. their size and outsourcing level) can determine to some extent what risks and
benefits are more relevant.
Originality /value: The conclusions explains that total IT/IS outsourcing can turn
out to be a very dangerous strategy, mainly due to the dependence it creates.
However, it can enable the ISP managers to reduce and/or control the general cost of
building a new IT/IS service. The paper investigates the advantages, risks and some
dimensions of IT/IS outsourcing decisions in ISPs of Tehran which can potentially
develop the services in-house. Therefore, the “make-or-buy” decision for managers of
ISPs requires even more attention to these aspects of IT/IS outsourcing (advantages,
risks and decision criteria) than other service companies.
امروزه مدیران سرتاسر دنیا به قراردادهای برون سپاری (outsourcing) به عنوان منبعی برای ایجاد مزیت رقابتی و
ارزش افزوده علاقهای روزافزون نشان میدهند. از میان طیف وسیع قراردادهای برون سپاری در بخش خدماتء
قراردادهای مربوط به برون سپاری تمام یا بخشی از فناوری (سیستم) اطلاعاتی شرکتها جزء رایجترین و مفیدترین نوع
این نوع قراردادهاست. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل رابطه بین پیمانکار و کارفرما در این قراردادهاء تنگناهای مدیریتی
بسیاری باید مورد موشکافی قرار گیرند. این مقاله تلاش میکند تا مزایا و ریسکهای برون سپاری سیستمهای اطلاعاتی
را از دیدگاه مدیران ISP های تهران در مقام کارفرما - و نه پیمانکار- به خوانندگان عرضه نماید. ضمن آنکه نرخ
آگاهی از مزایای این قراردادها نیز مورد بررسی قرار م ی گیرد۔
یافتههای این تحقیق نشان میدهد که مهمترین مزیت برون سپاری فناوری اطلاعات از دید مدیران ISP ها
"کنترل/کاهش هزینههای کلی ایجاد یک سرویس IT و مهمترین ریسک آن "'وابستگی زیاد به پیمانکاران سرویسهای
IT میباشد. همچنین 93,3 درصد از مدیران حداقل از یکی از مزایای این قراردادها مطلع میباشند. ضمن آنکه برخی
از خصوصیات شرکتها همچون سایزء سطح برون سپاری و میزان فروش» در نوع مزایا و ریسکهای مورد نظر مدیران در
قراردهای برون سپاری IT تعیین کننده میباشند.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Based of a/m literature the main advantages (benefits) of IS/IT outsourcing are: Reducing/Controlling the General Cost, Shortened time – to – market (Flexibility), Overcoming lack of internal expertise, Achieving to needed scalability without mass, General risk reduction, Focus on core competence, Disruptive innovation and Strategic repositioning.
We also found that the possible risky conditions which customers may encounter include: Hidden costs in the contract, Qualification of provider’s staff, Not achieving desired customization, A great dependence on the provider, The provider’s unreliability, The provider does not comply with the contract, The provider’s inability to quickly adapt to new technology, Irreversibility of the outsourcing decision, Loss of critical skills and competences, Unclear cost-benefit relationship, A possible opposition/resistance of IT/IS staff and Security issues.
Table 8 Chi-Square Test for Staff and Outsourcing Perceived Benefits (رجوع شود به تصویر صفحه) Table 8 shows that there are significant associations between staff and "shortened time to market", "achieving to needed scalability without mass", "disruptive innovation", "strategic repositioning", " improving service quality" and "other benefits" at 95% confidence level.
Table 9 Chi-Square Test for Staff and Outsourcing Perceived Risks (رجوع شود به تصویر صفحه) Table 9 shows that there are significant associations between staff and "hidden costs in the contract", "not achieving to desired customization", "a great dependence on the provider", "provider’s inability to quickly adapt to new technology", "irreversibility of outsourcing decision", "loss of critical skills and competences", "strategic alliance failure" and "a possible opposition/resistance of IT/IS staff" at 90% co•nfidence level."