چکیده:
In the discussions of trading, unemployment and income distribution inequality, this question is raised by
economists that in economic development of developing and developed countries, which policy is
necessary in the first stage. Is trading liberalization the pre-requirement of transfer from a close economy
to a relative open economy and is it necessary for the developed economy compared to other policies, or
after achieving an economic growth level and reduction of class difference, poverty and unemployment,
the countries should start trade liberalization. By this pre-requirement, a two-stage systematic
generalized method of moments technique (GMM) presented by Blundell & bond (1998) during 1991-
2008 is applied to evaluate the relationship between three main indices for both groups of selected
developed and developing countries. The results of study show that in both groups of countries, high
production and increasing foreign direct investment provide open economy and can create employment
and reduce unemployment but by increasing population growth rate, unemployment and inflation in both
groups of countries, household income inequality is increased. The turning point of this study is regarding
household income inequality as increased by increasing economic growth rate and control of open
economy in developing counties but in developed countries, increasing economic growth rate and open
economy, household income distribution is improved.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Is trading liberalization the pre-requirement of transfer from a close economy to a relative open economy and is it necessary for the developed economy compared to other policies, or after achieving an economic growth level and reduction of class difference, poverty and unemployment, the countries should start trade liberalization.
The results of study show that in both groups of countries, high production and increasing foreign direct investment provide open economy and can create employment and reduce unemployment but by increasing population growth rate, unemployment and inflation in both groups of countries, household income inequality is increased.
Labor force employment, the conditions of poor groups, income distribution and economic growth based on globalization development are challenging issues emphasized in many studies in two recent decades.
The present study attempts to evaluate the effects of three main indices of trade openness, unemployment and income distribution inequality in two groups of developed and developing countries.
2. Literature Review This study evaluates the effects of three indices of trade openness, unemployment and income distribution inequality with the highest impact on economic growth in two developed and developing countries.
It evaluates the relationship between trade liberalization, income distribution inequality and unemployment as important economic indices in developed and developing countries by Arrelano & bond (1991) model presenting a two-stage systematic generalized method of moment’s technique (GMM) for dynamic panel data.