چکیده:
the paper uses Heckman model to examine the statistical importance of over 140 independent variables on the Olympic performance of all countries participating in the Summer Olympic Games from Sydney 2000 to Rio 2016. We find that countries which export more products have a higher likelihood of winning an Olympic medal than their counterparts exporting fewer products, and explain why this is the case. Statistical importance of gross domestic product per capita, labor force, average temperature and three host effects (previous host, current host, future host) is also confirmed while the role of political variables in Olympic success remains inconclusive.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"409-441 Olympic Medals, Economy, Geography and Politics from Sydney to Rio Martin Grančay*1, Tomáš Dudáš2 Received: September 12, 2017 Accepted: October 2, 2017 Abstract he paper uses Heckman model to examine the statistical importance of over 140 independent variables on the Olympic performance of all countries participating in the Summer Olympic Games from Sydney 2000 to Rio 2016.
Statistical importance of gross domestic product per capita, labor force, average temperature and three host effects (previous host, current host, future host) is also confirmed while the role of political variables in Olympic success remains inconclusive.
, 2010) it is not our main aim to develop a model for forecasting; rather we focus on examining the statistical significance of economic, demographic, geographic, climate and political variables and draw conclusions on how countries can achieve better Olympic results.
Labor force and GDP per capita have a positive effect on the number of medals, confirming that countries with a larger population in productive age have a better chance of generating multiple top-class sportsmen, and athletes from countries with a higher standard of living achieve better Olympic results.
1-30 Temperature range in Centigrades Figure 2: Medal Points Won in Rio 2016 per Country by Temperature Range Source: Own elaboration based on UNCTAD (2017) and BBC (2016) The political variable is positive in all four models, but statistically significant only in those where the average temperature is used as a measure of climate."